Skeletal and Musculoskeletal System Quiz

Skeletal and Musculoskeletal System

• Osteology: Study of bone structure
• Musculoskeletal System: Integrated system of bones, muscles, and joints
• Orthopedics: Branch of medicine dealing with prevention, correction, and treatment of musculoskeletal system problems. (Ortho = to correct; Pedi = child)
• Hallux Valgus (Bunion): Angulation of the great toe away from the midline, often caused by tight shoes.
• Genu Varum (Bowlegs): Knees abnormally separated, medial angulation of the tibia to the femur
• Genu Valgum (Knock-knees): Knees abnormally close together, lateral angulation of the tibia relative to the femur
• Talipes Equinovarus (Clubfoot): Foot twisted inferiorly and medially; treated with corrective shoes or surgery.
• Pes Planus (Flatfoot): Weakened arches; can be flexible or rigid.
• Patellofemoral Stress Syndrome (Runner's Knee): Pain around the kneecap; can relate to genu valgum
• Boxer's Fracture: Fracture of the 5th metacarpal (bump on the side of the hand)
• Craniosynostosis: Premature closure of one or more cranial sutures, restricting brain growth
• Lumbar Spine Stenosis: Narrowing of the spinal canal, often due to hypertrophy or arthritic changes.
• Whiplash Injury: Hyperextension and hyperflexion of the head, often from rear-end collisions; stretches ligaments.
• Paget's Disease: Bone proliferation (increase) due to increased bone synthesis

Medical Conditions Affecting Bones

• Osteoarthritis: Degeneration of articular cartilage.
• Osteomyelitis: Infection in the bone, characterized by high fever, sweating, chills, pain, nausea, pus formation, and edema; often caused by Staphylococcus aureus
• Osteopenia: Reduced bone mass or reduced rate of bone synthesis
• Osteosarcoma: Connective tissue tumor affecting osteoblasts (bone cells); most common in adolescents during growth spurts, affecting the tibia/femur/humerus.
• Craniotomy: Surgical procedure on the skull; performed if blood clot, tumor, or for biopsy.
• Laminectomy: Procedure to remove a part of the lamina of the spinal column
• Spinal Fusion: Uses bone graft or synthetic device to stabilize the spine.
• Pelvimetry: Measurement of the birth canal inlet and outlet (using ultrasound or physical examination).
• Bone Grafting: Transferring bone tissue. Fibula is a common source.

Muscle Tone and Movement Disorders

• Muscle Tone: Degree of tension in muscles.
• Atonic: Lacking muscle tone.
• Rigidity: Stiff and inflexible muscles.
• Tremor: Involuntary muscle movements.
• Dystonia: Muscle contractions causing twisting movements.
• Tic: Involuntary muscle twitching.
• Contracture: Permanent shortening of a muscle or tissue.
• Spasm: Sudden, involuntary muscle contraction
• Cramp: Painful muscle spasm.
• Tetany: Muscle spasms due to low calcium levels.
• Fasciculation: Involuntary muscle twitches.
• Contustion: Bruise (injury to soft tissue)
• Origin: Point of muscle attachment to bone
• Strain: Overstretching or overuse injury to a muscle.
• Irritability: Ability of a muscle to be stimulated.
• Paralysis: Loss of movement.

Bone Surface Markings

• Fissure: Narrow slit
• Foramen: Opening through which blood vessels or nerves pass.

Test your knowledge on the skeletal and musculoskeletal system, including key concepts in osteology, orthopedics, and common conditions like bunions and knee deformities. This quiz covers various aspects of bone structure, joint function, and associated medical terminology.