Musculoskeletal System Exam Questions
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following membrane potential changes does NOT directly contribute to initiating an action potential?

  • Isopotential
  • Reversal of polarity
  • Latent period
  • Hyperpolarization (correct)

A nerve fiber has a resting membrane potential (RMP) of -70 mV and a firing level of -50 mV. Under which of the following membrane potentials would this nerve fiber be LEAST excitable?

  • -60 mV
  • -30 mV
  • -70 mV (correct)
  • -55 mV

Electrotonic potentials and local responses share several characteristics. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT regarding these potentials?

  • They are graded responses.
  • They are local (non-propagated) responses.
  • They may be depolarizing or hyperpolarizing.
  • They are produced by a threshold stimulus. (correct)

Which of the following scenarios is MOST likely to decrease nerve excitability?

<p>Familial periodic paralysis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During muscle relaxation, which protein directly blocks the myosin-binding sites on actin filaments?

<p>Tropomyosin (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During an isometric contraction of skeletal muscle, which of the following is observed?

<p>Increased muscle tension (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Muscle fatigue is associated with the accumulation of which of the following metabolites?

<p>Lactic acid (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about the sarcomere is INCORRECT?

<p>The width of the I band does not change during muscle contraction. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following muscles' tendons does NOT directly contribute to the plantar aspect of the foot?

<p>The lumbrical muscles (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which artery listed below typically does not participate in the anastomosis around the anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS)?

<p>Deep external pudendal (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The peroneal artery branches directly from which of the following arteries?

<p>Posterior tibial artery (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following characteristics is most indicative of chondroblasts?

<p>Responsible for appositional growth. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Elastic cartilage is found in the epiglottis and ear pinna, but only one of the following cartilage types is not surrounded by a perichondrium. Which is it?

<p>Intervertebral disc (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which bone cell type is primarily responsible for the process of bone remodeling?

<p>Osteoclast (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Using electron microscopy (EM), which bone cells are observed to be connected by gap junctions, facilitating direct cell-to-cell communication?

<p>Osteocytes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Regarding the organic component of bone matrix, which statement accurately describes its characteristics?

<p>It contains collagen type I. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Damage to the obturator nerve would most significantly impair which lower limb movement?

<p>Hip adduction (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following characteristics is unique to only one of the hamstring muscles?

<p>Adductor head insertion on the adductor tubercle (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A stab wound to the gluteal region results in loss of sensation in the perineum. Which structure was MOST likely damaged?

<p>Pudendal nerve (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Following a motorcycle accident, a patient exhibits reduced blood flow to the adductor muscles of the thigh. Which artery is MOST likely affected?

<p>Deep external pudendal artery (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A patient is unable to evert their foot and has difficulty with plantarflexion. Which nerve is MOST likely damaged?

<p>Superficial fibular (peroneal) nerve (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A patient complains of groin pain and weakness in hip flexion. Imaging reveals compression of a nerve as it passes along the lateral border of the psoas major. Which nerve is MOST likely compressed?

<p>Lateral femoral cutaneous nerve (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

An athlete experiences pain along the anterior aspect of their lower leg and weakness in dorsiflexion and inversion. Which statement BEST describes the injury?

<p>The muscle arises only from the tibia (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A surgeon is ligating the femoral artery within the adductor canal. Which structure is LEAST likely to be at risk during this procedure?

<p>Femoral nerve (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Chondroblasts

Cells that produce cartilage and maintain its matrix, forming isogenous groups.

Osteoclast

Bone cells responsible for bone remodeling by resorbing bone tissue.

Haversian System

The structural unit of compact bone, containing blood vessels and osteocytes.

Perichondrium

A layer of dense connective tissue that surrounds cartilage, except for articular cartilage.

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Endomysium

A thin connective tissue that surrounds individual muscle fibers.

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Intercalated Discs

Specialized connections between cardiac muscle fibers that allow synchronized contraction.

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Smooth Muscle Fibers

Non-striated muscle fibers that are involuntary and contain caveolae instead of a tubular system.

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Skeletal Muscle Nuclei

Multiple nuclei found peripherally in skeletal muscle fibers, allowing fast growth and repair.

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Resting Membrane Potential (RMP)

The voltage difference across a neuron's membrane when not transmitting signals, typically -70 mV.

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Threshold Potential

The minimum membrane voltage required to trigger an action potential, e.g., -50 mV.

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Electrotonic Potentials

Local graded electrical responses that can be depolarizing or hyperpolarizing but do not propagate.

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Tropomyosin

A protein that blocks binding sites on actin during muscle relaxation, preventing contraction.

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Isometric Contraction

A muscle contraction where tension increases without changing muscle length; no external work done.

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Muscle Fatigue

A decline in muscle performance due to the accumulation of lactic acid after sustained activity.

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Sarcomere

The basic contractile unit of muscle, from one Z line to another, shortens during muscle contraction.

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Plasticity of Smooth Muscle

The ability of smooth muscle to adapt its tension based on length, showing changes in response to stretch.

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Obturator nerve function

Supplies the adductor magnus muscle.

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Muscles of the back of the thigh

All supplied by the sciatic nerve.

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Structures passing through sciatic foramen

Pudendal nerve passes from greater to lesser foramen.

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Femoral artery branches

The deep external pudendal artery is a branch of the femoral artery.

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Peroneus longus

Supplied by the superficial peroneal nerve.

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Psoas major muscle

Lateral cutaneous nerve of thigh appears at its lateral border.

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Tibialis anterior muscle

Dorsiflexes and inverts the foot, supplied by the deep peroneal nerve.

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Structures in the adductor canal

The femoral nerve is absent in the adductor canal.

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Study Notes

Exam Instructions

  • All questions are mandatory
  • The exam consists of 120 multiple-choice questions (MCQs)
  • Answers are to be marked on a bubble sheet
  • Select the best answer for each question

Musculoskeletal System Exam Questions

  • Question 1: The obturator nerve supplies the following muscle:

    • adductor magnus
    • obturator internus
    • quadratus femoris
    • sartorius

  • Question 2: One true statement about the muscles of the back of the thigh:

    • All extend the knee
    • All are inserted into the tibia
    • All arise from the ischial spine
    • All are supplied by the sciatic nerve

  • Question 3: Which structure passes from the greater to the lesser sciatic foramen?

    • The sciatic nerve
    • The pudendal nerve
    • The posterior cutaneous nerve of the thigh
    • The nerve to obturator externus

  • Question 4: A branch of the femoral artery:

    • deep circumflex iliac artery
    • deep external pudendal artery
    • circumflex fibular artery
    • middle genicular artery

  • Question 5: A true statement about the peroneus longus muscle:

    • It inserts into the base of the 5th metatarsal
    • It has a broad tendon behind the medial malleolus
    • It is supplied by the superficial peroneal nerve
    • It arises from the upper two-thirds of the tibia

  • Question 6: A true statement about the psoas major muscle:

    • The lateral cutaneous nerve of the thigh appears along its lateral border
    • It is a powerful lateral rotator of the femur
    • It inserts into the greater trochanter
    • It arises from the iliac crest and sacroiliac joint

  • Question 7: A true statement about the tibialis anterior muscle:

    • It is supplied by the tibial nerve
    • It inserts into the second metatarsal bone
    • It dorsiflexes and inverts the foot
    • It does not arise from the interosseous membrane

  • Question 8: Which structure is NOT found in the adductor canal?

    • femoral artery
    • femoral nerve
    • femoral vein
    • nerve to vastus medialis

  • Question 9: Which structure passes superficially to the superior extensor retinaculum at the ankle?

    • Extensor digitorum longus
    • Deep peroneal nerve
    • Anterior tibial artery
    • Superficial peroneal nerve

  • Question 10: A true statement about the anterior cruciate ligament:

    • It lies within the synovial membrane of the knee joint
    • It attaches from the anterior intercondylar area of the tibia to the medial condyle of the femur
    • It prevents forward displacement of the femur on the tibial surface
    • It becomes tense in full extension

  • Question 11: Which muscle is not found in the floor of the femoral triangle?

    • Psoas major
    • Pectineus
    • Adductor magnus
    • Adductor longus

  • Question 12: A true statement about the gluteus maximus:

    • It is a powerful lateral rotator of the thigh
    • The whole muscle inserts into the lateral lip of the linea aspera
    • It is supplied by the superior gluteal nerve
    • It arises from the inner lip of the iliac crest

  • ...and so on (additional questions are in the provided text)

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Related Documents

Biomedical Science and Musculoskeletal System Past Paper PDF 2023

Description

This exam consists of multiple-choice questions about the musculoskeletal system. The questions cover topics such as muscles, nerves, and arteries related to the thigh and lower body. The exam includes various aspects of anatomy.

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