Musculoskeletal Disorders and Treatments

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Questions and Answers

What is a common complication that occurs after joint replacement surgery?

  • Thromboembolism
  • Nerve Injury
  • Joint and Wound Infection
  • All of the Above (correct)

When is the risk of Thromboembolism (DVT) highest after joint replacement surgery?

  • Between the first and second week post-op (correct)
  • After the fourth week post-op
  • Between the second and third week post-op
  • During the first 24 hours post-op

What is the primary cause of Rheumatoid Arthritis?

  • Autoimmune response (correct)
  • Environmental factors
  • Wear and tear on joints
  • Genetic predisposition

What type of medication is commonly used to manage the severe joint pain associated with RA?

<p>Anti-inflammatory drugs (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following interventions is aimed at reducing joint pain during the post-operative period after a joint replacement?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When is the most common onset of Rheumatoid Arthritis?

<p>3rd or 4th decade of life (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the management of rheumatoid arthritis, what is the primary reason for prescribing non-opioid analgesics?

<p>They help to prevent drug dependency (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key factor in preventing joint and wound infections after joint replacement surgery?

<p>Aseptic technique (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of drug management in the treatment of musculoskeletal disorders?

<p>To reduce pain, inflammation, and manage symptoms (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which drugs are commonly used for pain and inflammation relief in musculoskeletal disorders?

<p>Corticosteroids, analgesics, and NSAIDs (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) in treating musculoskeletal disorders?

<p>To suppress the immune system and slow disease progression (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a common symptom of an acute gout attack?

<p>Numbness (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following joints is MOST commonly affected in the initial attack of gout?

<p>First metatarsophalangeal joint (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended daily fluid intake for individuals with chronic gout?

<p>2-3 liters (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common dietary modification recommended for individuals with chronic gout?

<p>Restrict foods high in purines (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of therapy is specifically designed to enhance joint function and prevent disability in patients with musculoskeletal disorders?

<p>Occupational therapy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What intervention helps decrease loss of bone in older adults?

<p>Regular exercise program (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common risk factor for arthritis in older adults?

<p>Age-related hormonal changes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom is associated with the pain of arthritis in older adults?

<p>Joint swelling and stiffness (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be assessed in women regarding osteoporosis risk factors?

<p>Date of last mammography (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which lifestyle factor is considered a predisposing cause of musculoskeletal issues?

<p>Sedentary behavior (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a major consequence of prolonged joint pressure in older adults?

<p>Pain and potential injury (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In assessing older adults, what physical examination signs indicate musculoskeletal issues?

<p>Presence of kyphosis and muscle weakness (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not a recommended patient education topic for arthritis management?

<p>Details on high-impact sports (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common precipitating factor for hospital admission in older adults experiencing delirium?

<p>Delirium caused by an underlying illness (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which percentage of patients with cancer are known to develop delirium during hospitalization?

<p>25% (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a risk factor associated with delirium?

<p>Regular exercise (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of individuals with terminal illness may experience delirium with impending death?

<p>80% (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Reversible dementia may occur as a result of which underlying condition?

<p>CNS diseases (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes osteoarthritis (OA)?

<p>Degenerative joint disease (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a clinical manifestation of delirium?

<p>Fluctuating symptoms (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main consequence when joint cartilage is lost in OA?

<p>Bone surfaces come in contact (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common form of dementia in older persons?

<p>Alzheimer's dementia (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which joints are most commonly affected by osteoarthritis?

<p>Distal and proximal interphalangeals (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of drugs are typically used first to manage pain in OA?

<p>Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors is associated with reversible dementia?

<p>Vitamin deficiencies (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the assessment of a patient with OA, which symptom should be specifically inquired about?

<p>Joint locking sensation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the non-pharmacological management strategies for OA?

<p>Application of cold therapy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which complication is associated with joint replacement surgery?

<p>Thromboembolism (DVT) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What management intervention may be provided if conservative treatments are not effective for knee pain in OA?

<p>Injection of Hyaluronic acid (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the primary characteristics of Alzheimer's disease (AD)?

<p>Presence of neurofibrillary tangles (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cognitive domain is primarily affected by dementia?

<p>Alteration in memory (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a symptom associated with Alzheimer's disease?

<p>Heightened sensory perception (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is predicted about the number of individuals with Alzheimer's disease by 2050?

<p>It could rise to 16 million (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which condition mentioned has no specific cure?

<p>Alzheimer's disease (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What might be involved in the treatment of irreversible disorders like Alzheimer's disease?

<p>Use of appropriate drugs and effective communication techniques (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one possible sign of dementia related to physical activity?

<p>Increased or decreased physical activity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom includes difficulty in recognizing familiar objects?

<p>Agnosia (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Post-op pain management

Initial treatment involves OTC drugs, followed by IV or epidural administration after a few hours post-op.

Hyaluronic acid injection

Injected into painful knee joints if non-conservative management fails, used for chronic pain.

Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA)

A chronic systemic inflammatory disease causing joint destruction and deformity, leading to disability.

DVT risk post-op

Thromboembolism risk is highest in the first two weeks post-surgery.

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Elderly Onset RA (EORA)

RA that occurs in older adults, affecting both genders equally.

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Steroidal injection for joint pain

Steroids may be injected into painful joints, usually done 2-3 times yearly for chronic pain.

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Post-op infection prevention

Infection risks include joint and wound infection, preventable through aseptic techniques.

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Proper medication adherence

Patients must follow medication instructions for safety regarding dosing, side effects, and drug interactions.

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Heat or cold packs

Therapeutic applications to relieve pain or swelling in muscles and joints.

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Family history in arthritis

Assessing genetic predisposition and risk factors related to arthritis.

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Menopause assessment

Evaluating women for signs of menopause related to musculoskeletal health.

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Calcium intake history

Documenting past calcium consumption to assess bone health in women.

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Kyphosis

An abnormal forward curvature of the spine, often assessed during physical examinations.

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Pain in arthritis

Discomfort resulting from pressure on ligaments, bone spurs, and joint capsule stretching in arthritis.

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Exercise program recommendation

Encouraging physical activity, such as walking or light lifting, for joint health improvement.

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Signs and symptoms of arthritis

Includes joint pain, pressure effects, and reduced mobility associated with age and arthritic conditions.

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Drug management in gout

Focuses on disease management and symptom control.

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Types of pain relief drugs

Corticosteroids, analgesics, and NSAIDs are used for relief.

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Disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs)

Medications like methotrexate and leflunomide aid disease control.

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Acute gout attack

Characterized by sudden onset of hot, swollen, and tender joints.

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Chronic gout complications

Uric acid crystals can damage bones and kidneys.

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Pain relief measures

Focus on pain relief and preventing recurrent gout attacks.

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Diet modifications for gout

Restrict foods high in purine, like seafood and organ meat.

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Fluid intake recommendations

Increase fluid intake to 2-3 liters/day unless contraindicated.

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Delirium

An acute confusion state, often reversible, due to underlying illness.

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Reversible Dementia

A condition where other illnesses mimic dementia but are treatable.

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Cognitive Causes of Delirium

Includes infections, CNS diseases, and polypharmacy.

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Risk Factors for Delirium

Factors include advanced age, sensory changes, and infections.

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Clinical Manifestations of Delirium

Symptoms include fluctuating attention and language disturbances.

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Alzheimer's Disease (AD)

The most common form of dementia, affecting 60-80% of those diagnosed.

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Delirium in Terminal Illness

Affects up to 80% of patients nearing death due to illness.

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Potentially Reversible Dementia Causes

Includes depression, drug interaction, and vitamin deficiencies.

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Dementia

A syndrome characterized by gradual cognitive decline affecting memory, reasoning, and communication.

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Cognitive decline

A reduction in cognitive functions such as memory, attention, and reasoning abilities.

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Neurofibrillary tangles

Misplaced proteins in the brain associated with Alzheimer's disease.

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Cortical amyloid plaques

Protein clusters in the brain that disrupt cell function and are common in Alzheimer's disease.

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Disorientation

Confusion about time, place, or person, common in dementia.

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Physical activity changes

In Alzheimer's, may exhibit increased or decreased activity levels as symptoms progress.

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Diagnosis of Alzheimer's

Accurate evaluation is essential as many conditions mimic AD symptoms.

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Osteoarthritis (OA)

A degenerative joint disease characterized by cartilage deterioration and bone proliferation.

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Joint Pain Causes

Joint pain in OA results from bone surfaces contacting each other due to cartilage loss.

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Commonly Affected Joints

Distal & proximal interphalangeals, carpometacarpal joints, knees, hips, and spine.

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Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs)

Medications used to control pain in OA, typically available over-the-counter.

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Cold Therapy Effects

Cold applications numb the affected area to reduce pain and swelling.

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Heat Therapy Effects

Heat applications relax muscles and can relieve pain in affected joints.

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Injection Treatments for Pain

Steroidal injections into painful joints may relieve severe joint pain.

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DVT Risk after Joint Replacement

Thromboembolism risk is highest in the first two weeks post-operation from joint replacement.

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Study Notes

General Information

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  • Information is broadly applicable to various studies, not unique to a particular source.

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