Musculoskeletal Disorders and Autoimmune Diseases Quiz

Overview of Musculoskeletal Disorders and Autoimmune Diseases

• Achondroplasia is caused by a gene mutation in COL2A1 or FGF receptor on chromosomes 3 and 4, resulting in irregular bone tissue, short long bones, and enlarged skull.

• Osteopetrosis is a heterogeneous disease caused by hypo function of osteoclasts and thickened cortex, resulting in increased skeletal mass in cortical and spongy bone. Treatment includes FGFr3 kinase inhibitors and bone marrow transplant.

• Paget's disease is characterized by excessive bone resorption and disordered remodeling, leading to benign giant cell tumors and rare sarcomas. Treatment includes calcitonin and bisphosphonates, and measles increases the risk of progression.

• Osteomyelitis is an infection of bone tissue that can be acute or chronic, causing fever, chills, and lethargy. Treatment includes antibiotics and immobilization, and it can lead to septicemia and metastatic abscesses.

• Osteochondroma is a benign tumor that displaces the epiphyseal plate and is comprised of thin, irregular trabeculae, leading to bone deformity. Treatment includes surgical excision or amputation.

• Fibrous dysplasia is a benign monostatic or polystatic disease that can cause shepherd crook deformity of the proximal femur. Treatment includes bone grafting.

• Leiomyoma is a benign tumor of smooth muscle that is common in individuals over 18 years old, while rhabdomyoma is a benign tumor of skeletal muscle that is common in children.

• Duchenne muscular dystrophy is an X-linked disease characterized by loss of striations, weakness, and atrophy, with onset typically before age 5. Treatment includes pseudohypertrophy in calves and elevated CPK levels.

• Systemic lupus erythematosus is an immune complex-mediated disease that attacks self-antigens, resulting in fatigue, fever, polyarthralgia, and weight change, with treatment including corticosteroids and immunosuppressant drugs.

• Rheumatoid arthritis is a T cell-mediated disease that causes destruction of articular cartilage, with symptoms including symmetrical swelling in hands and feet, persistent tenosynovitis, and rheumatoid nodules.

• Goodpasture syndrome or anti-glomerular basement membrane disease is an antibody-mediated disease that attacks the kidneys and/or lungs, causing cough, fatigue, and nausea.

• Sjogren syndrome is an inflammation of the lacrimal and salivary glands caused by T cells acting against self-antigens, with symptoms including keratoconjunctivitis sicca, xerostomia, and enlarged salivary glands.

• Myotonic muscular dystrophy is an autosomal dominant disease caused by a mutation of pyoknotic chromosome 19 gene nuclei in muscle tissue, leading to abnormal ring myotoninAutoimmune Disorders: Key Facts and Symptoms

• Fatigue and myalgia are common symptoms of autoimmune disorders.

• Antinuclear antibodies (ANA) are often present in the blood of individuals with autoimmune disorders.

• Chronic discoid lupus affects the skin only and is characterized by the absence of ANA.

• Treatment for oral symptoms includes hydration and dental hygiene, while lubrication solutions are used for eye symptoms.

• Rheumatoid factor and CRP are commonly found in the blood serum of individuals with autoimmune disorders.

• Individuals with autoimmune disorders have an increased risk of developing lymphoma.

• Systemic sclerosis/scleroderma is characterized by inflammation and fibrosis of the interstitium of organs, leading to symptoms such as mask face and claw hands.

• Dermatomyositis is characterized by inflammation around small blood vessels and perifascicular atrophy, leading to symptoms such as bilateral muscle weakness and Gottron's papules.

• Myasthenia gravis is an antibody-mediated disorder that affects the post-synaptic ACh receptor and leads to symptoms such as muscle weakness and dysphagia.

• Hashimoto thyroiditis and Graves disease are both antibody-mediated disorders that affect the thyroid gland and can lead to hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism, respectively.

• Ulcerative colitis is an autoimmune disorder that affects the colon and is characterized by diarrhea and bloody stools.

• Ankylosing spondylitis is an autoimmune disorder that affects the spine and can lead to back pain and stiffness, and is associated with the HLA-B27 gene.

Overview of Musculoskeletal Disorders and Autoimmune Diseases

• Achondroplasia is caused by a gene mutation in COL2A1 or FGF receptor on chromosomes 3 and 4, resulting in irregular bone tissue, short long bones, and enlarged skull.

• Osteopetrosis is a heterogeneous disease caused by hypo function of osteoclasts and thickened cortex, resulting in increased skeletal mass in cortical and spongy bone. Treatment includes FGFr3 kinase inhibitors and bone marrow transplant.

• Paget's disease is characterized by excessive bone resorption and disordered remodeling, leading to benign giant cell tumors and rare sarcomas. Treatment includes calcitonin and bisphosphonates, and measles increases the risk of progression.

• Osteomyelitis is an infection of bone tissue that can be acute or chronic, causing fever, chills, and lethargy. Treatment includes antibiotics and immobilization, and it can lead to septicemia and metastatic abscesses.

• Osteochondroma is a benign tumor that displaces the epiphyseal plate and is comprised of thin, irregular trabeculae, leading to bone deformity. Treatment includes surgical excision or amputation.

• Fibrous dysplasia is a benign monostatic or polystatic disease that can cause shepherd crook deformity of the proximal femur. Treatment includes bone grafting.

• Leiomyoma is a benign tumor of smooth muscle that is common in individuals over 18 years old, while rhabdomyoma is a benign tumor of skeletal muscle that is common in children.

• Duchenne muscular dystrophy is an X-linked disease characterized by loss of striations, weakness, and atrophy, with onset typically before age 5. Treatment includes pseudohypertrophy in calves and elevated CPK levels.

• Systemic lupus erythematosus is an immune complex-mediated disease that attacks self-antigens, resulting in fatigue, fever, polyarthralgia, and weight change, with treatment including corticosteroids and immunosuppressant drugs.

• Rheumatoid arthritis is a T cell-mediated disease that causes destruction of articular cartilage, with symptoms including symmetrical swelling in hands and feet, persistent tenosynovitis, and rheumatoid nodules.

• Goodpasture syndrome or anti-glomerular basement membrane disease is an antibody-mediated disease that attacks the kidneys and/or lungs, causing cough, fatigue, and nausea.

• Sjogren syndrome is an inflammation of the lacrimal and salivary glands caused by T cells acting against self-antigens, with symptoms including keratoconjunctivitis sicca, xerostomia, and enlarged salivary glands.

• Myotonic muscular dystrophy is an autosomal dominant disease caused by a mutation of pyoknotic chromosome 19 gene nuclei in muscle tissue, leading to abnormal ring myotoninAutoimmune Disorders: Key Facts and Symptoms

• Fatigue and myalgia are common symptoms of autoimmune disorders.

• Antinuclear antibodies (ANA) are often present in the blood of individuals with autoimmune disorders.

• Chronic discoid lupus affects the skin only and is characterized by the absence of ANA.

• Treatment for oral symptoms includes hydration and dental hygiene, while lubrication solutions are used for eye symptoms.

• Rheumatoid factor and CRP are commonly found in the blood serum of individuals with autoimmune disorders.

• Individuals with autoimmune disorders have an increased risk of developing lymphoma.

• Systemic sclerosis/scleroderma is characterized by inflammation and fibrosis of the interstitium of organs, leading to symptoms such as mask face and claw hands.

• Dermatomyositis is characterized by inflammation around small blood vessels and perifascicular atrophy, leading to symptoms such as bilateral muscle weakness and Gottron's papules.

• Myasthenia gravis is an antibody-mediated disorder that affects the post-synaptic ACh receptor and leads to symptoms such as muscle weakness and dysphagia.

• Hashimoto thyroiditis and Graves disease are both antibody-mediated disorders that affect the thyroid gland and can lead to hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism, respectively.

• Ulcerative colitis is an autoimmune disorder that affects the colon and is characterized by diarrhea and bloody stools.

• Ankylosing spondylitis is an autoimmune disorder that affects the spine and can lead to back pain and stiffness, and is associated with the HLA-B27 gene.

Overview of Musculoskeletal Disorders and Autoimmune Diseases

• Achondroplasia is caused by a gene mutation in COL2A1 or FGF receptor on chromosomes 3 and 4, resulting in irregular bone tissue, short long bones, and enlarged skull.

• Osteopetrosis is a heterogeneous disease caused by hypo function of osteoclasts and thickened cortex, resulting in increased skeletal mass in cortical and spongy bone. Treatment includes FGFr3 kinase inhibitors and bone marrow transplant.

• Paget's disease is characterized by excessive bone resorption and disordered remodeling, leading to benign giant cell tumors and rare sarcomas. Treatment includes calcitonin and bisphosphonates, and measles increases the risk of progression.

• Osteomyelitis is an infection of bone tissue that can be acute or chronic, causing fever, chills, and lethargy. Treatment includes antibiotics and immobilization, and it can lead to septicemia and metastatic abscesses.

• Osteochondroma is a benign tumor that displaces the epiphyseal plate and is comprised of thin, irregular trabeculae, leading to bone deformity. Treatment includes surgical excision or amputation.

• Fibrous dysplasia is a benign monostatic or polystatic disease that can cause shepherd crook deformity of the proximal femur. Treatment includes bone grafting.

• Leiomyoma is a benign tumor of smooth muscle that is common in individuals over 18 years old, while rhabdomyoma is a benign tumor of skeletal muscle that is common in children.

• Duchenne muscular dystrophy is an X-linked disease characterized by loss of striations, weakness, and atrophy, with onset typically before age 5. Treatment includes pseudohypertrophy in calves and elevated CPK levels.

• Systemic lupus erythematosus is an immune complex-mediated disease that attacks self-antigens, resulting in fatigue, fever, polyarthralgia, and weight change, with treatment including corticosteroids and immunosuppressant drugs.

• Rheumatoid arthritis is a T cell-mediated disease that causes destruction of articular cartilage, with symptoms including symmetrical swelling in hands and feet, persistent tenosynovitis, and rheumatoid nodules.

• Goodpasture syndrome or anti-glomerular basement membrane disease is an antibody-mediated disease that attacks the kidneys and/or lungs, causing cough, fatigue, and nausea.

• Sjogren syndrome is an inflammation of the lacrimal and salivary glands caused by T cells acting against self-antigens, with symptoms including keratoconjunctivitis sicca, xerostomia, and enlarged salivary glands.

• Myotonic muscular dystrophy is an autosomal dominant disease caused by a mutation of pyoknotic chromosome 19 gene nuclei in muscle tissue, leading to abnormal ring myotoninAutoimmune Disorders: Key Facts and Symptoms

• Fatigue and myalgia are common symptoms of autoimmune disorders.

• Antinuclear antibodies (ANA) are often present in the blood of individuals with autoimmune disorders.

• Chronic discoid lupus affects the skin only and is characterized by the absence of ANA.

• Treatment for oral symptoms includes hydration and dental hygiene, while lubrication solutions are used for eye symptoms.

• Rheumatoid factor and CRP are commonly found in the blood serum of individuals with autoimmune disorders.

• Individuals with autoimmune disorders have an increased risk of developing lymphoma.

• Systemic sclerosis/scleroderma is characterized by inflammation and fibrosis of the interstitium of organs, leading to symptoms such as mask face and claw hands.

• Dermatomyositis is characterized by inflammation around small blood vessels and perifascicular atrophy, leading to symptoms such as bilateral muscle weakness and Gottron's papules.

• Myasthenia gravis is an antibody-mediated disorder that affects the post-synaptic ACh receptor and leads to symptoms such as muscle weakness and dysphagia.

• Hashimoto thyroiditis and Graves disease are both antibody-mediated disorders that affect the thyroid gland and can lead to hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism, respectively.

• Ulcerative colitis is an autoimmune disorder that affects the colon and is characterized by diarrhea and bloody stools.

• Ankylosing spondylitis is an autoimmune disorder that affects the spine and can lead to back pain and stiffness, and is associated with the HLA-B27 gene.