Shackles: Lecture Script: Upper Extremity: Exam 1
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Questions and Answers

What is the main advantage of using x-rays as a screening tool for upper extremity injuries?

  • Low cost and easy accessibility (correct)
  • No radiation exposure
  • High resolution images
  • Detailed soft tissue visualization
  • Which imaging modality is typically used to identify common fracture patterns in the upper extremity?

  • Ultrasound
  • CT scan
  • X-rays (correct)
  • MRI
  • Why are CT scans and MRI sometimes preferred over x-rays for certain upper extremity injuries?

  • CT and MRI offer detailed soft tissue visualization (correct)
  • CT and MRI have lower radiation exposure
  • CT and MRI are more cost-effective
  • CT and MRI provide immediate results
  • Why is CT recommended for significant injuries instead of just an x-ray?

    <p>CT provides a better 3D view of the bone and associated soft tissue injuries.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does MRI differ from CT in evaluating bones?

    <p>MRI can see through cortical bone, while CT cannot penetrate it effectively.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what way is the shoulder joint unique in terms of stability?

    <p>The knee joint is stabilized by ligaments, while the shoulder joint relies on muscles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In an adult, what indicates that the physioplate is totally closed?

    <p>The acromium process</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What anatomical landmark could indicate an anterior dislocation of the shoulder in an axillary view?

    <p>Humeral head sitting far anterior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What could be a sign of a separated shoulder when looking at the acromioclavicular joint?

    <p>Elevation of the acromial end of the clavicle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In reading radiographs, what does the acronym ABCs stand for?

    <p>Alignment, Bones, Cartilage, Soft tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What potential issue is indicated by 'loosen see through' on a radiograph according to Dr. Shackles?

    <p>Fracture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why does an anterior dislocation of the shoulder occur frequently?

    <p>Because of the way the glenoid cavity is turned slightly anteriorly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle is labeled as the deltoid in the MRI?

    <p>Supraspinatus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason why the supraspinatus muscle is one of the first rotator cuff muscles injured over time?

    <p>It has a narrow space between the humeral head and acromion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of MRI imaging, what does the 'whiter area' represent?

    <p>Fat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which rotator cuff muscle is most commonly injured due to the formation of osteophytes grinding on the tendon?

    <p>Supraspinatus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a coronal MRI view, where does the infraspinatus muscle insert?

    <p>Inferior and posterior to the supraspinatus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle comes from the medial aspect of the scapula and extends toward the humerus?

    <p>Teres major</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bone feature thickens in response to muscle insertion, resulting in a more bulky attachment?

    <p>Deltoid tuberosity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bone structure prevents dislocation or subluxation of the humerus?

    <p>Coracoid process</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the coronoid process in the elbow joint?

    <p>Helps close the hinge joint</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of an elevated or obliterated anterior fat pad in the elbow?

    <p>Suggests a likely joint effusion or trauma-related damage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a dense effusion in the elbow joint likely indicate?

    <p>High probability of blood and potential fracture above the distal humeral condyles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does an elevation of the anterior fat pad indicate after elbow relocation?

    <p>Previous or recent elbow subluxation or dislocation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of fluid buildup in the posterior fat pad of the elbow?

    <p>Suggests a coronoid process subluxation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What anatomical structure is most likely to be affected by a coronoid process fracture?

    <p>Ulna styloid process</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does an empty electron faucet indicate in relation to the elbow joint?

    <p>Presence of a coronoid process fracture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure helps form the electron faucet and hinge joints in the forearm?

    <p>Ulna proximal end</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are styloid processes mentioned in the context of the ulna and radius?

    <p>'They are common sites for fractures.'</p> Signup and view all the answers

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