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Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of the muscular system regarding fluid movement?
What is the primary function of the muscular system regarding fluid movement?
Which property of muscle refers to its ability to respond to stimulation?
Which property of muscle refers to its ability to respond to stimulation?
Which statement accurately describes skeletal muscle?
Which statement accurately describes skeletal muscle?
What characteristic distinguishes smooth muscle from skeletal muscle?
What characteristic distinguishes smooth muscle from skeletal muscle?
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Which function of the muscular system contributes to maintaining body temperature?
Which function of the muscular system contributes to maintaining body temperature?
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Which of the following is NOT a property of muscle tissue?
Which of the following is NOT a property of muscle tissue?
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How do skeletal muscles primarily contribute to body movements?
How do skeletal muscles primarily contribute to body movements?
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What role do connective tissues play concerning muscle contractility?
What role do connective tissues play concerning muscle contractility?
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What shape do smooth muscle cells take?
What shape do smooth muscle cells take?
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Which of the following is a characteristic feature of contractility in muscle tissue?
Which of the following is a characteristic feature of contractility in muscle tissue?
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Study Notes
Muscular System Overview
- The muscular system powers all body movements.
- Muscles are specialized tissues enabling contraction and relaxation, creating force for diverse body actions.
Functions of the Muscular System
- Support: Provides structural integrity.
- Movement: Enables body part motion.
- Maintain body temperature (homeostasis): Muscle contractions generate heat.
- Movements of fluid: In cardiovascular and lymphatic systems.
- Protection: Protects internal organs.
Properties of Muscle Tissue
- Excitability: Responds to stimulation.
- Contractility: Shortens actively and exerts tension.
- Extensibility: Contracts over a range of lengths.
- Elasticity: Rebounds to its original length after contraction.
Types of Muscle Tissue
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Skeletal Muscle:
- Striated, voluntary.
- Attached to bones, crucial for movement.
- Multi-nucleated, long, cylindrical cells.
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Smooth Muscle:
- Non-striated, involuntary.
- Found in internal organs—e.g., stomach, intestines.
- Spindle-shaped cells.
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Cardiac Muscle:
- Striated, involuntary.
- Found only in the heart, responsible for pumping blood.
- Branching cells with one or two nuclei.
Muscle Movement: Functional Groups
- Flexors: Reduce the angle between bones. (e.g., biceps)
- Extensors: Increase the angle between bones. (e.g., triceps)
- Abductors: Move limbs away from the body's midline. (e.g., deltoids)
- Adductors: Move limbs towards the body's midline. (e.g., pectoralis major)
Muscle Movement: Synergists and Antagonists
- Antagonists: Muscles that work in opposition (one contracts, the other relaxes).
- Synergists: Muscles that work together for a movement.
Muscle Attachment
- Most skeletal muscles connect to two bones.
- Origin: Attachment to the more stable bone.
- Insertion: Attachment to the more movable bone.
Structure of Skeletal Muscle
- Bundles of muscle fibers (cells).
- Fibers lined up parallel giving striated effect.
- Individual cells have multiple nuclei.
- Myofibrils composed of actin and myosin filaments.
- Sarcomeres: Basic contractile units.
Muscle Contraction
- Sliding filament mechanism: Actin and myosin filaments slide past each other during contraction.
- Individual sarcomeres shorten.
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Description
This quiz covers the fundamental aspects of the muscular system, including its functions, properties, and types of muscle tissue. Explore how muscles support body movement, maintain temperature, and protect internal organs. Test your understanding of muscle physiology and its essential roles in human anatomy.
