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Questions and Answers
What is the purpose of performing a primary assessment on a patient?
What is the purpose of performing a primary assessment on a patient?
- To inform the patient about their diagnosis
- To document the patient's medical history
- To induce a state of calm in the patient
- To identify and address any immediate life-threatening conditions (correct)
Which scale is used to assess a patient's level of consciousness?
Which scale is used to assess a patient's level of consciousness?
- CNA scale
- A&V scale
- LOC scale
- AVPU scale (correct)
What does the 'A' in the AVPU scale stand for?
What does the 'A' in the AVPU scale stand for?
- Alert (correct)
- Aliveness
- Awareness
- Assessment
What indicates that a patient is responsive only to painful stimulation?
What indicates that a patient is responsive only to painful stimulation?
If a patient is unresponsive, what is the next step to take?
If a patient is unresponsive, what is the next step to take?
How should a caregiver assess the level of consciousness in an infant or child?
How should a caregiver assess the level of consciousness in an infant or child?
What is the focus of a secondary assessment?
What is the focus of a secondary assessment?
What characterizes a patient who is alert?
What characterizes a patient who is alert?
What is the main function of the muscular system?
What is the main function of the muscular system?
Which type of muscle is responsible for involuntary actions such as those found in blood vessels?
Which type of muscle is responsible for involuntary actions such as those found in blood vessels?
What comprises the central nervous system?
What comprises the central nervous system?
Which statement correctly describes the peripheral nervous system?
Which statement correctly describes the peripheral nervous system?
Which type of muscle is under conscious control?
Which type of muscle is under conscious control?
What does BSI primarily rely on for reducing risk?
What does BSI primarily rely on for reducing risk?
What role does the nervous system serve in the body?
What role does the nervous system serve in the body?
Which type of pathogens do standard precautions specifically aim to address?
Which type of pathogens do standard precautions specifically aim to address?
What is the primary function of smooth muscles?
What is the primary function of smooth muscles?
What is emphasized as a crucial practice for infection control under standard precautions?
What is emphasized as a crucial practice for infection control under standard precautions?
What is the largest organ of the body?
What is the largest organ of the body?
According to standard precautions, how should all bodily fluids, except for sweat, be treated?
According to standard precautions, how should all bodily fluids, except for sweat, be treated?
What is the goal of implementing standard precautions in healthcare settings?
What is the goal of implementing standard precautions in healthcare settings?
In addition to PPE, what role does hand hygiene play in preventing infection?
In addition to PPE, what role does hand hygiene play in preventing infection?
Standard precautions include elements of which previous measures?
Standard precautions include elements of which previous measures?
What has the CDC recognized as important in controlling the spread of infections?
What has the CDC recognized as important in controlling the spread of infections?
What is the first step to take when assessing the patients?
What is the first step to take when assessing the patients?
What does the color RED signify in the START triage system?
What does the color RED signify in the START triage system?
When should you assess a patient's perfusion?
When should you assess a patient's perfusion?
What action should be taken if a patient is not breathing?
What action should be taken if a patient is not breathing?
What classification does YELLOW represent in the START triage system?
What classification does YELLOW represent in the START triage system?
How should mental status be assessed during triage?
How should mental status be assessed during triage?
What is a crucial aspect to remember about making triage decisions?
What is a crucial aspect to remember about making triage decisions?
What is indicated if the capillary refill time is greater than two seconds?
What is indicated if the capillary refill time is greater than two seconds?
What does the acronym DOTS stand for in a physical examination?
What does the acronym DOTS stand for in a physical examination?
Which body part should be inspected first during a comprehensive physical assessment?
Which body part should be inspected first during a comprehensive physical assessment?
What should you assess for when examining the eyes of a patient?
What should you assess for when examining the eyes of a patient?
During a physical examination, what indicates a potential brain injury?
During a physical examination, what indicates a potential brain injury?
Why is it important to check for pulse, motor, and sensory functions during an assessment?
Why is it important to check for pulse, motor, and sensory functions during an assessment?
What does the neck examination assess for?
What does the neck examination assess for?
What physical sign should prompt further investigation during the head examination?
What physical sign should prompt further investigation during the head examination?
When assessing a patient, which symptom is NOT related to pupil examination?
When assessing a patient, which symptom is NOT related to pupil examination?
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Study Notes
Skeletal System
- Provides structure, support, and shape to the body.
- Protects vital organs such as the brain, heart, and lungs.
- Facilitates movement in conjunction with the muscular system.
- Stores minerals like calcium and phosphorus and produces blood cells in the bone marrow.
- Main parts include the axial skeleton (skull, vertebrae, rib cage) and appendicular skeleton (limbs and pelvis).
Muscular System
- Gives shape to the body and allows for movement.
- Contains three muscle types:
- Voluntary muscles (skeletal): Control body movements consciously.
- Involuntary muscles (smooth): Function automatically, found in organs like blood vessels and intestines.
- Cardiac muscle: Exclusive to the heart, responsible for heart contractions.
Nervous System
- Controls both voluntary and involuntary body activities.
- Central nervous system (CNS) comprises the brain and spinal cord, acting as the body’s main control center.
- Peripheral nervous system (PNS) consists of nerves branching from the CNS to the rest of the body, enabling two-way communication.
Skin
- Largest organ of the body; serves as a protective barrier.
- Essential for infection control through the use of personal protective equipment (PPE) and hygiene practices.
- Standard precautions include treating all bodily fluids as potentially infectious to prevent disease transmission.
Practices to Reduce Risk
- Hand Hygiene: Key method for infection prevention by removing pathogens from hands.
- Primary Assessment: Identify immediate life-threatening conditions upon arrival at a scene.
- Secondary Assessment: Conduct a comprehensive head-to-toe examination of the patient for injuries.
Assessing Level of Consciousness (LOC)
- Utilize the AVPU scale:
- Alert: Patient is fully awake and aware.
- Verbal: Patient responds to verbal stimuli.
- Pain: Patient reacts to painful stimuli only.
- Unresponsive: No response to any stimuli, indicating unconsciousness.
PMS Assessment (Pulse, Motor, Sensory)
- Pulse: Check for presence or absence of pulse.
- Motor: Assess ability to move; determine sensation before movement.
- Sensory: Confirm presence of feeling in touch areas.
Comprehensive Physical Assessment
- Conduct a systematic examination of each body part:
- Head: Inspect for trauma, fluid loss, or discoloration.
- Eyes: Assess pupil reaction; check for constriction/dilation.
- Neck: Look for signs of trauma and airway obstruction.
Triage Procedures
- Use color-coded tags to classify patients based on their medical needs:
- RED: Immediate care required.
- YELLOW: Delayed care, stable but needing attention.
- GREEN: Minor injuries, can walk.
- BLACK: Non-salvageable, deceased.
- Remember RPM mnemonic for assessment: Respiration, Perfusion, Mental status.
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