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Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of the muscular system in the body?
Which type of muscle is attached to bones and helps move the body's skeleton?
What is the characteristic of smooth muscles?
What is the functional unit of muscle contraction?
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What type of muscle contraction occurs when the muscle contracts but does not shorten?
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What is the term for muscles that move a bone away from the midline of the body?
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Which theory explains how muscle contraction occurs?
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What is the term for muscles that decrease the angle between two bones?
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Study Notes
Muscular System
Functions
- Movement of body, maintenance of posture, and regulation of body temperature
- Support and protection of organs and joints
- Stabilization of joints and maintenance of muscle tone
Types of Muscles
-
Skeletal Muscles (Voluntary Muscles)
- Attached to bones and help move the body's skeleton
- Striated muscles (striped appearance)
- Under conscious control
-
Smooth Muscles (Involuntary Muscles)
- Found in walls of hollow organs, such as digestive tract, blood vessels, and airways
- Non-striated muscles (no stripes)
- Not under conscious control
-
Cardiac Muscles
- Found in the heart
- Striated muscles
- Not under conscious control
Muscle Structure
-
Muscle Fibers
- Long, multinucleated cells that make up muscle tissue
- Contain myofibrils, which are made up of sarcomeres
-
Sarcomeres
- Functional units of muscle contraction
- Composed of actin and myosin filaments
- Slide past each other to produce muscle contraction
Muscle Contraction
-
Sliding Filament Theory
- Actin and myosin filaments slide past each other, producing muscle contraction
- Powered by ATP hydrolysis
-
Muscle Contraction Types
- Isotonic Contraction: muscle contracts and shortens
- Isometric Contraction: muscle contracts but does not shorten
Muscle Groups
- Flexors: muscles that decrease the angle between two bones
- Extensors: muscles that increase the angle between two bones
- Abductors: muscles that move a bone away from the midline of the body
- Adductors: muscles that move a bone towards the midline of the body
- Rotators: muscles that rotate a bone around a joint
Muscular System
Functions
- Movement of body, maintenance of posture, and regulation of body temperature
- Support and protection of organs and joints
- Stabilization of joints and maintenance of muscle tone
Types of Muscles
- Skeletal Muscles: attached to bones, help move body's skeleton, striated, and under conscious control
- Smooth Muscles: found in walls of hollow organs, non-striated, and not under conscious control
- Cardiac Muscles: found in the heart, striated, and not under conscious control
Muscle Structure
- Muscle Fibers: long, multinucleated cells, contain myofibrils, and make up muscle tissue
- Myofibrils: made up of sarcomeres
- Sarcomeres: functional units of muscle contraction, composed of actin and myosin filaments
Muscle Contraction
- Sliding Filament Theory: actin and myosin filaments slide past each other, producing muscle contraction, powered by ATP hydrolysis
- Isotonic Contraction: muscle contracts and shortens
- Isometric Contraction: muscle contracts but does not shorten
Muscle Groups
- Flexors: decrease the angle between two bones
- Extensors: increase the angle between two bones
- Abductors: move a bone away from the midline of the body
- Adductors: move a bone towards the midline of the body
- Rotators: rotate a bone around a joint
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Description
Test your knowledge of the muscular system's roles, including movement, support, and regulation, as well as the different types of muscles, such as skeletal and smooth muscles.
