Muscular System Flashcards

Questions and Answers

What is the anatomical term for wide, sheetlike tendons?

Aponeuroses

Which muscle tissue is branched, striated, and uninucleate?

Cardiac

Which of the following is NOT a function of muscle tissue?

Heat production

Maintaining posture

Movement

Creation of action potentials (correct)

What type of muscle tissue contains intercalated discs?

Cardiac Signup and view all the answers

The alternating dark _ and light __ give the muscle fiber its striated appearance.

A band; I band Signup and view all the answers

The thin filament is formed of what three molecules?

Troponin, tropomyosin, actin Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the functional unit of a muscle cell?

Sarcomere Signup and view all the answers

Name the two myofilaments that slide past one another to allow muscle cells to contract.

Actin and myosin Signup and view all the answers

During exercise, if there are sufficient oxygen molecules available in the muscle tissue, what occurs?

Glucose is converted to pyruvic acid and then to water, carbon dioxide, heat, and ATP. Signup and view all the answers

What are contractions that maintain the same tension, while shortening the length of the muscle?

Isotonic contractions Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'sarcoplasmic reticulum' refer to?

Releases calcium into the sarcoplasm during contraction. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is FALSE concerning the neuromuscular junction?

One sensory neuron may innervate many muscle fibers Signup and view all the answers

Movement of the jaw superiorly would be called?

Elevation Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'biceps' mean?

Divided into two Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'deltoid' mean?

Triangle shaped Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a muscle that helps a prime mover?

A synergist Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly describes pronation?

Putting your hands flat on a table Signup and view all the answers

If you work out in the gym and do some bicep curls, what type of contraction does the biceps undergo?

Flexion Signup and view all the answers

Leg adductors would?

Move legs medially Signup and view all the answers

Where are the intercostals located?

Between the ribs Signup and view all the answers

What is the muscle that encircles the eye?

Orbicularis oculi Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a hamstring muscle?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a stomach muscle?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What is the anatomical name for a muscle cell?

Muscle fiber Signup and view all the answers

What is an aponeurosis?

A flat, sheet-like connective tissue attachment of one muscle to another muscle. Signup and view all the answers

The endomysium is a connective tissue that surrounds what?

Skeletal muscle fiber Signup and view all the answers

In general, skeletal muscles' insertions are found where?

The part of a muscle attached to the movable bone of the skeleton. Signup and view all the answers

A tissue with striations and many flattened nuclei under the plasma membrane in each cell would be called?

Skeletal muscle Signup and view all the answers

In a skeletal muscle fiber, the sarcomere is a repetitive unit that consists of the entire region between what?

Z-lines Signup and view all the answers

Muscle tissue is responsible for?

Movement Signup and view all the answers

Muscles that are concerned with bracing actions are called?

Fixators Signup and view all the answers

Myofibrils are primarily composed of?

Actin and myosin Signup and view all the answers

Smooth muscle fibers are characterized by?

Form the contractile tissue of the walls of many hollow organs. Signup and view all the answers

The bending or movement of a limb towards the midline of the body is known as?

Adduction Signup and view all the answers

The energy source that is directly responsible for muscle fiber contraction is?

ATP Signup and view all the answers

The muscle whose action is dorsiflexion and inversion of the foot is the?

Tibialis anterior Signup and view all the answers

The muscle that causes flexion of the forearm is the?

Biceps brachii Signup and view all the answers

The muscle that extends and adducts the humerus is the?

Latissimus dorsi Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Muscle Terminology and Anatomy

Aponeuroses: Flat, sheet-like tendons connecting muscles.
Cardiac Muscle: Striated, branched, and uninucleate tissue found in the heart.
Skeletal Muscle: Contains striations and multiple flattened nuclei; responsible for voluntary movement.
Functional Unit: The smallest contractile unit of a muscle cell is called a sarcromere.

Muscle Contraction and Function

Sliding Filament Theory: Muscle contraction occurs as actin and myosin myofilaments slide past each other.
Calcium Release: Calcium is released into the sarcoplasm during contraction via the sarcoplasmic reticulum.
Isotonic Contractions: Maintain constant tension while the muscle shortens, commonly seen in workouts.
Energy for Contraction: ATP is the energy source directly responsible for muscle fiber contraction.

Muscle Types and Locations

Intercalated Discs: Unique features of cardiac muscle that facilitate contraction coordination.
Hamstring Group: Includes semimembranosus, semitendinosus, and biceps femoris.
Stomach Muscles: Comprised of external oblique, rectus abdominus, and internal oblique.
Muscle Surrounding Eye: Known as orbicularis oculi.

Muscle Actions and Movements

Elevation: Movement of the jaw superiorly.
Flexion: Contraction of the biceps during curls.
Adduction: Movement that brings limbs towards the midline of the body; leg adductors perform this action.
Dorsiflexion: Movement involving the tibialis anterior, lifting the foot.

Muscle Organization and Connective Tissue

Endomysium: Connective tissue that surrounds a skeletal muscle fiber.
Insertion: The part of a muscle attached to a movable bone.
Myofibrils Composition: Primarily made of actin and myosin, essential for contraction.

Muscle Support and Coordination

Fixators: Muscles involved in bracing actions to stabilize body parts during movement.
Striated Appearance: Alternating dark A bands and light I bands give skeletal muscle its characteristic look.
Troponin and Tropomyosin: Proteins that, alongside actin, form the thin filament essential for muscle contraction.

Unique Muscle Characteristics

Biceps: Derived from Latin meaning "divided into two".
Deltoid: Refers to muscle shape resembling a triangle.
Neuromuscular Junction: Connection site between a motor neuron and a muscle fiber, important for muscle activation.

Muscle Fiber and Tissue Types

Smooth Muscle: Forms the contractile tissue in the walls of hollow organs, characterized by its smooth appearance.
Skeletal Muscle Fiber: Defined as muscle fibers in muscles attached to the skeleton, responsible for movement.

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Description

Test your knowledge of the muscular system with these flashcards covering key concepts from Chapter 6. Review important terms like aponeuroses, muscle tissue types, and their functions, including cardiac and skeletal muscles. Perfect for students needing to reinforce their understanding of muscular anatomy.

Muscular System Flashcards - Chapter 6