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Questions and Answers
What is the anatomical term for wide, sheetlike tendons?
What is the anatomical term for wide, sheetlike tendons?
Aponeuroses
Which muscle tissue is branched, striated, and uninucleate?
Which muscle tissue is branched, striated, and uninucleate?
Cardiac
Which of the following is NOT a function of muscle tissue?
Which of the following is NOT a function of muscle tissue?
- Heat production
- Maintaining posture
- Movement
- Creation of action potentials (correct)
What type of muscle tissue contains intercalated discs?
What type of muscle tissue contains intercalated discs?
The alternating dark _______ and light ________ give the muscle fiber its striated appearance.
The alternating dark _______ and light ________ give the muscle fiber its striated appearance.
The thin filament is formed of what three molecules?
The thin filament is formed of what three molecules?
What is the name of the functional unit of a muscle cell?
What is the name of the functional unit of a muscle cell?
Name the two myofilaments that slide past one another to allow muscle cells to contract.
Name the two myofilaments that slide past one another to allow muscle cells to contract.
During exercise, if there are sufficient oxygen molecules available in the muscle tissue, what occurs?
During exercise, if there are sufficient oxygen molecules available in the muscle tissue, what occurs?
What are contractions that maintain the same tension, while shortening the length of the muscle?
What are contractions that maintain the same tension, while shortening the length of the muscle?
What does the term 'sarcoplasmic reticulum' refer to?
What does the term 'sarcoplasmic reticulum' refer to?
Which of the following statements is FALSE concerning the neuromuscular junction?
Which of the following statements is FALSE concerning the neuromuscular junction?
Movement of the jaw superiorly would be called?
Movement of the jaw superiorly would be called?
What does the term 'biceps' mean?
What does the term 'biceps' mean?
What does the term 'deltoid' mean?
What does the term 'deltoid' mean?
What is the term for a muscle that helps a prime mover?
What is the term for a muscle that helps a prime mover?
Which of the following correctly describes pronation?
Which of the following correctly describes pronation?
If you work out in the gym and do some bicep curls, what type of contraction does the biceps undergo?
If you work out in the gym and do some bicep curls, what type of contraction does the biceps undergo?
Leg adductors would?
Leg adductors would?
Where are the intercostals located?
Where are the intercostals located?
What is the muscle that encircles the eye?
What is the muscle that encircles the eye?
Which of the following is a hamstring muscle?
Which of the following is a hamstring muscle?
Which of the following is a stomach muscle?
Which of the following is a stomach muscle?
What is the anatomical name for a muscle cell?
What is the anatomical name for a muscle cell?
What is an aponeurosis?
What is an aponeurosis?
The endomysium is a connective tissue that surrounds what?
The endomysium is a connective tissue that surrounds what?
In general, skeletal muscles' insertions are found where?
In general, skeletal muscles' insertions are found where?
A tissue with striations and many flattened nuclei under the plasma membrane in each cell would be called?
A tissue with striations and many flattened nuclei under the plasma membrane in each cell would be called?
In a skeletal muscle fiber, the sarcomere is a repetitive unit that consists of the entire region between what?
In a skeletal muscle fiber, the sarcomere is a repetitive unit that consists of the entire region between what?
Muscle tissue is responsible for?
Muscle tissue is responsible for?
Muscles that are concerned with bracing actions are called?
Muscles that are concerned with bracing actions are called?
Myofibrils are primarily composed of?
Myofibrils are primarily composed of?
Smooth muscle fibers are characterized by?
Smooth muscle fibers are characterized by?
The bending or movement of a limb towards the midline of the body is known as?
The bending or movement of a limb towards the midline of the body is known as?
The energy source that is directly responsible for muscle fiber contraction is?
The energy source that is directly responsible for muscle fiber contraction is?
The muscle whose action is dorsiflexion and inversion of the foot is the?
The muscle whose action is dorsiflexion and inversion of the foot is the?
The muscle that causes flexion of the forearm is the?
The muscle that causes flexion of the forearm is the?
The muscle that extends and adducts the humerus is the?
The muscle that extends and adducts the humerus is the?
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Study Notes
Muscle Terminology and Anatomy
- Aponeuroses: Flat, sheet-like tendons connecting muscles.
- Cardiac Muscle: Striated, branched, and uninucleate tissue found in the heart.
- Skeletal Muscle: Contains striations and multiple flattened nuclei; responsible for voluntary movement.
- Functional Unit: The smallest contractile unit of a muscle cell is called a sarcromere.
Muscle Contraction and Function
- Sliding Filament Theory: Muscle contraction occurs as actin and myosin myofilaments slide past each other.
- Calcium Release: Calcium is released into the sarcoplasm during contraction via the sarcoplasmic reticulum.
- Isotonic Contractions: Maintain constant tension while the muscle shortens, commonly seen in workouts.
- Energy for Contraction: ATP is the energy source directly responsible for muscle fiber contraction.
Muscle Types and Locations
- Intercalated Discs: Unique features of cardiac muscle that facilitate contraction coordination.
- Hamstring Group: Includes semimembranosus, semitendinosus, and biceps femoris.
- Stomach Muscles: Comprised of external oblique, rectus abdominus, and internal oblique.
- Muscle Surrounding Eye: Known as orbicularis oculi.
Muscle Actions and Movements
- Elevation: Movement of the jaw superiorly.
- Flexion: Contraction of the biceps during curls.
- Adduction: Movement that brings limbs towards the midline of the body; leg adductors perform this action.
- Dorsiflexion: Movement involving the tibialis anterior, lifting the foot.
Muscle Organization and Connective Tissue
- Endomysium: Connective tissue that surrounds a skeletal muscle fiber.
- Insertion: The part of a muscle attached to a movable bone.
- Myofibrils Composition: Primarily made of actin and myosin, essential for contraction.
Muscle Support and Coordination
- Fixators: Muscles involved in bracing actions to stabilize body parts during movement.
- Striated Appearance: Alternating dark A bands and light I bands give skeletal muscle its characteristic look.
- Troponin and Tropomyosin: Proteins that, alongside actin, form the thin filament essential for muscle contraction.
Unique Muscle Characteristics
- Biceps: Derived from Latin meaning "divided into two".
- Deltoid: Refers to muscle shape resembling a triangle.
- Neuromuscular Junction: Connection site between a motor neuron and a muscle fiber, important for muscle activation.
Muscle Fiber and Tissue Types
- Smooth Muscle: Forms the contractile tissue in the walls of hollow organs, characterized by its smooth appearance.
- Skeletal Muscle Fiber: Defined as muscle fibers in muscles attached to the skeleton, responsible for movement.
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