24 Questions
The Temporalis muscle originates from which of the following?
Superior temporal line and temporal fascia
What is the function of the anterior fibers of the Temporalis muscle?
Elevation of the mandible
Which nerve innervates the Temporalis muscle?
Deep temporal nerves
What is the insertion point of the Temporalis muscle?
Coronoid process of the mandible
What is the function of the middle fibers of the Temporalis muscle?
Elevation and retraction of the mandible
What is the blood supply to the Temporalis muscle?
Deep temporal arteries
What is the action of bilateral contraction of the Temporalis muscle?
Elevation and retraction of the mandible
What is the action of unilateral contraction of the Temporalis muscle?
Lateral movement of the mandible
Which of the following muscles of mastication is responsible for moving the mandible?
Masseter muscle
Which muscle fills the temporal fossa?
Temporalis muscle
Which muscle conveys its fibers to the CORONOID PROCESS of the mandible?
Temporalis muscle
Which of the following muscles of mastication is derived from the second branchial arch?
Facial muscle
Which muscle is NOT a muscle of mastication?
Stylohyoid muscle
Which muscle is a derivative of the first branchial arch?
Lateral Pterygoid muscle
Which muscle is responsible for moving the mandible in a lateral direction?
Lateral Pterygoid muscle
Which of the following muscles is a wide, flat, and fan-shaped muscle?
Temporalis muscle
What is the shape of the masseter muscle?
Quadrangular
Which part of the masseter muscle originates from the maxillary process of the zygomatic bone?
Superficial layer
What is the insertion point of the middle layer of the masseter muscle?
Central part of the lateral surface of the ramus of the mandible
What is the function of the masseteric fascia?
It covers the masseter muscle and attaches to the zygomatic arch and mandible
Which muscle is associated with the deep layer of the masseter muscle?
Temporalis
What is the origin of the deep layer of the masseter muscle?
Medial surface of the posterior 1/3 of the zygomatic arch
Which part of the masseter muscle is quadrangular in shape?
The entire masseter muscle
What is the function of the superficial temporal arteries?
Irrigate the temporal fascia
Study Notes
Temporalis Muscle
- Strong membranous sheet of fascia: superior temporal line, zygomatic arch (two layers: lateral and medial border)
- Origin: • Superficial portion: temporal fascia, superior temporal line • Deep portion: temporal fossa (inferior temporal line and infratemporal crest)
- Insertion: • Fibers converge inferior to form a common tendon • Fibers pass between the zygomatic arch and the infratemporal crest (zygomatic canal) • Fibers insert on the coronoid process of the mandible and anterior margin of ramus
- Divided into 3 portions based on the direction of the fibers: • Anterior: verticals, from the anterior portion of the temporal fossa (agonists of the masseter muscle) • Middle: from the wide area in the middle of the temporal fossa, oblique direction toward inferior and anterior • Posterior: from the posterior part of the temporal fossa, horizontals
- Actions:
• Bilateral contraction:
- Anterior fibers: elevation of the mandible
- Posterior fibers: retraction of the mandible
- Middle fibers: elevation and retraction of the mandible • Unilateral contraction: lateral movement (side-to-side grinding movements) towards the same side
- Innervation: deep temporal nerves, mandibular nerve, V3 branch of the trigeminal nerve
- Vascularization: deep temporal arteries, branches of maxillary artery (pterygoid portion), itself a branch of external carotid artery
Masseter Muscle
- Powerful muscle of mastication
- Quadrangular in shape
- Overlies the lateral surface of the ramus of the mandible until the zygomatic arch
- 3 portions: superficial, middle, and deep
- Superficial layer: • Origin: thick aponeurosis from maxillary process of the zygomatic bone and from the anterior 2/3 of the inferior and lateral border of the zygomatic arch • Insertion: angle and inferior posterior half of the lateral surface of the ramus of the mandible (tendinous septa and bone ridges)
- Middle layer: • Origin: medial anterior 2/3 of the zygomatic arch and lower border of the posterior third of this arch • Insertion: central part of the lateral surface of the ramus of the mandible
- Deep layer: • Origin: medial surface of the posterior 1/3 of the zygomatic arch • Insertion: superior and lateral part of the mandibular ramus and coronoid process (some of its fibers associate with the superficial part of the temporalis muscle)
Masseteric Fascia
- Strong layer of fascia derived from the deep cervical fascia of the neck
- Covers the masseter
- Attached to the lower border of the zygomatic arch and to the posterior, inferior, and anterior border of the mandible
- Invests the parotid gland and Stensen's duct
Branchial Arches
- Muscles derived from the first branchial arch: • Mastication muscles (temporalis, masseter, lateral pterygoid, and medial pterygoid) • Mylohyoid muscle • Digastric muscle, anterior belly • Tensor veli palatini muscle • Tensor tympani muscle
- Muscles derived from the second branchial arch: • Facial muscles • Stylohyoid muscle • Digastric muscle, posterior belly • Stapedius muscle
This quiz covers the anatomy of the temporalis muscle, including its origin, insertion, and functional significance. It also explores the surrounding fascia and bones.
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