Lower Limb Muscles Anatomy

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Questions and Answers

Which muscle in the lower leg helps with dorsiflexion of the foot?

  • Soleus
  • Flexor digitorum longus
  • Fibularis tertius (correct)
  • Gastrocnemius

What muscle extends the big toe in the lower leg?

  • Tibialis posterior
  • Extensor hallucis longus (correct)
  • Extensor digitorum longus
  • Flexor hallucis longus

Which muscles support the longitudinal arch of the foot?

  • Abductor hallucis
  • Popliteus
  • Extensor hallucis brevis
  • Tibialis anterior (correct)

What muscle helps unlock the knee in the lower leg?

<p>Popliteus (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle is located in the tarsal tunnel and sends tendons under the foot?

<p>Flexor hallucis longus (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle is a hip flexor made up of iliacus and psoas major?

<p>Iliopsoas (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle is located directly inferior to the glute minimus and is stretched in pigeon pose?

<p>Piriformis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle is the longest in the body and allows for hip flexion, external rotation, and abduction?

<p>Sartorius (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which group of muscles extends the knee and inserts on a common patellar tendon?

<p>Quadriceps (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle group works together to adduct the thigh?

<p>Adductor magnus (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the three muscles that make up the hamstrings?

<p>biceps femoris, semitendinosus, and semimembranosus</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle is the longest in the body and allows for hip flexion, external rotation, and abduction?

<p>sartorius muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the three gluteal muscles that originate on the back side of the ilium and insert on the femur?

<p>gluteus maximus, medius, and minimus</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the hip muscle that shares the iliotibial band with the gluteus maximus?

<p>tensor fasciae latae (TFL)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle is located directly inferior to the glute minimus and is the muscle stretched in pigeon pose?

<p>piriformis muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which muscles in the lower leg help with plantar flexion, support the arch, and unlock the knee, respectively?

<p>gastrocnemius, soleus, popliteus</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the names of the muscles in the tarsal tunnel that start near the knee and send tendons down the leg and under the foot?

<p>tibialis posterior, flexor digitorum longus, flexor hallucis longus</p> Signup and view all the answers

Name the muscles that extend the digits and big toe in the lower leg.

<p>extensor digitorum longus, extensor hallucis longus</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the names of the muscles that support the two arches of the foot?

<p>extensor digitorum brevis, extensor hallucis brevis, abductor hallucis, abductor digiti minimi</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which small muscle in the lower leg helps with dorsiflexion of the foot?

<p>fibularis tertius</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Iliopsoas Muscle

Major hip flexor formed by the iliacus and psoas major muscles.

Gluteal Muscles

Three muscles (maximus, medius, minimus) that originate on the ilium and insert on the femur, playing a key role in hip movement.

Tensor Fasciae Latae (TFL)

Hip muscle that shares the iliotibial band with the gluteus maximus.

Piriformis Muscle

This muscle is stretched in pigeon pose

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Sartorius Muscle

Longest muscle in the body; enables hip flexion, external rotation, and abduction.

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Quadriceps

A group of four muscles that insert on a common patellar tendon and extend the knee.

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Hamstrings

Biceps femoris, semitendinosus, and semimembranosus; responsible for hip extension and knee flexion.

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Adductor Group

Five muscles including adductor magnus, longus, brevis, gracilis, and pectineus; primary function is thigh adduction.

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Anterior Muscles of the Lower Leg

Includes tibialis anterior, extensor digitorum longus, and extensor hallucis longus; responsible for extending the digits and big toe.

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Posterior Muscles of the Lower Leg

Gastrocnemius, soleus, and popliteus muscles; responsible for plantar flexion, arch support, and knee unlocking.

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Tarsal Tunnel Muscles

A pathway containing the tibialis posterior, flexor digitorum longus, and flexor hallucis longus tendons.

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Foot Arch Muscles

Extensor digitorum brevis, extensor hallucis brevis, abductor hallucis, and abductor digiti minimi provide support to the foot

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Study Notes

  • The video is sponsored by Kenhub and is a lesson on remembering the muscles of the lower limbs.
  • The video is divided into smaller sections for beginners.
  • The first section covers muscles of the hip region.
  • The iliopsoas muscle is a hip flexor made up of iliacus and psoas major, originating on the pelvis and vertebral bodies respectively.
  • The psoas minor is a smaller muscle that helps flex the spine but is not a hip flexor.
  • The gluteus maximus, medius, and minimus are all gluteal muscles that originate on the back side of the ilium and insert on the femur.
  • The tensor fasciae latae (TFL) is a hip muscle that shares the iliotibial band with the gluteus maximus.
  • The piriformis muscle is located directly inferior to the glute minimus and is the muscle stretched in pigeon pose.
  • There are several other smaller muscles in the hip region, including the gemellus superior and obturator internus.
  • The sartorius muscle is the longest muscle in the body and goes from the pelvis to the tibia, allowing for hip flexion, external rotation, and abduction.
  • The quadriceps are a group of four muscles that extend the knee and insert on a common patellar tendon.
  • The hamstrings consist of three muscles: biceps femoris, semitendinosus, and semimembranosus, which originate on the pelvis and femur respectively.
  • The adductor group is made up of five muscles that work together to adduct the thigh: adductor magnus, longus, brevis, gracilis, and pectineus.
  • The anterior muscles of the lower leg include the tibialis anterior, extensor digitorum longus, and extensor hallucis longus, which extend the digits and big toe respectively.
  • The fibularis tertius is a small muscle that helps dorsiflex the foot.
  • The posterior muscles of the lower leg include the gastrocnemius, soleus, and popliteus, which help with plantar flexion, support the arch, and unlock the knee respectively.
  • The tarsal tunnel contains several muscles that start near the knee and send tendons down the leg and under the foot, including the tibialis posterior, flexor digitorum longus, and flexor hallucis longus.
  • The foot has two arches, longitudinal and transverse, and muscles that support each arch include the extensor digitorum brevis, extensor hallucis brevis, abductor hallucis, and abductor digiti minimi.
  • The video mentions Kenhub as a useful resource for learning anatomy, offering a library of articles, illustrations, and quizzes.

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