BLOCK 3: AHE: (3.2) PART 3: MUSCLES OF THE FOREARM

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Questions and Answers

Which muscle originates from the lateral aspect and is involved in forearm flexion?

Pronator teres

Flexor carpi ulnaris

Brachioradialis (correct)

Flexor carpi radialis

What is the primary attachment site for many of the flexor muscles discussed?

Flexor retinaculum

Lateral epicondyle of the humerus

Bicipital aponeurosis

Medial epicondyle of the humerus (correct)

Which of the following muscles is NOT mentioned as coming from the medial epicondyle?

Flexor carpi radialis

Pronator teres

Brachioradialis (correct)

Flexor digitorum superficialis

What is the main function of the flexor carpi radialis muscle?

Flexing the wrist Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle is located more proximally and assists in moving the digits?

Flexor digitorum superficialis Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle is known to be absent in a good portion of the population?

Palmaris longus Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following muscles is primarily responsible for flexing the wrist on the pinky side?

Flexor carpi ulnaris Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle connects to the radius at mid shaft?

Pronator teres Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary action of the flexor digitorum superficialis muscle?

Flex digits 2 through 5 at the PIP and MP joints Signup and view all the answers

Which joint does the flexor digitorum profundus NOT flex?

CMC joint Signup and view all the answers

What nerve travels through the tunnel associated with the flexor digitorum superficialis?

Median nerve Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the flexor pollicis longus?

Flex the thumb at the IP joint Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle is responsible for pronating the wrist?

Pronator teres Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes the flexor digitorum profundus from the flexor digitorum superficialis?

Its depth relative to other structures Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the main action of the flexor digitorum superficialis muscle?

Flexing the PIP and MP joints Signup and view all the answers

What do the tendons of the flexor digitorum profundus attach to?

The distal phalanx Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle assists in the action of supination of the wrist?

Supinator Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the pronator quadratus?

To assist in pronation Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following muscles is located on the posterior side of the arm?

Extensor digitorum Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes extensor carpi radialis longus from extensor carpi radialis brevis?

One is shorter than the other Signup and view all the answers

The muscle that helps extend the pinky finger is called?

Extensor digiti minimi Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following muscles is associated with the lateral epicondyle?

Extensor carpi radialis longus Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle helps to flex the elbow and is located on the radial side?

Brachioradialis Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle is primarily responsible for extending the wrist on the medial side?

Extensor carpi ulnaris Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the abductor pollicis longus muscle?

To pull the thumb upward towards the thumb side Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle is responsible for extending the index finger?

Extensor indicis Signup and view all the answers

How do the extensor pollicis brevis and abductor pollicis longus interact with other muscles?

They wrap around the extensor radialis muscles Signup and view all the answers

What are the thanar muscles primarily associated with?

The thumb Signup and view all the answers

What unique role do the lumbrical muscles play?

They perform flexion of the MP joint and extension of the PIP and DIP joints Signup and view all the answers

What differentiates the extensor pollicis brevis from the extensor pollicis longus?

Brevis is a short muscle specifically for thumb movement Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes how the lumbrical muscles are positioned as they cross the joints?

They switch from anterior to posterior as they cross the PIP and DIP joints Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the hypothenar muscles?

To act on the pinky side of the hand Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the palmar interosseae muscles?

To adduct the fingers towards the midline Signup and view all the answers

Which digits do the palmar interosseae primarily act upon?

Second, fourth, and fifth digits Signup and view all the answers

What does the abbreviation 'DAB' stand for in relation to the dorsal interosseae?

Dorsal abduction of fingers Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is associated with inflammation at the lateral epicondyle?

Tennis elbow Signup and view all the answers

Which muscles are more likely to be affected in golfers due to their movements?

Flexor muscles Signup and view all the answers

In the context of hand function, what is specifically referenced by the term 'PAD'?

Palmar adduction of fingers Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle group assists in spreading the fingers apart?

Dorsal interosseae Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle groups have an influence based on the location of their epicondyles?

Flexor and extensor muscles Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Muscles of the Forearm

Flexor Digitorum Superficialis: Superficial muscle, flexes digits 2-5 at PIP and MP joints, attached to intermediate phalanges.
Flexor Digitorum Profundus: Deep muscle, flexes digits 2-5 at DIP, PIP, and MP joints, attached to distal phalanx.
Flexor Pollicis Longus: Deep muscle, flexes thumb at DIP joint, attached to distal phalanx.
Pronator Teres: Superficial muscle, pronates forearm, attached to radius at mid shaft.
Flexor Carpi Radialis: Superficial muscle, flexes wrist, located on thumb side, attached past carpals.
Palmaris Longus: Superficial muscle, flexes wrist, not present in all individuals.
Flexor Carpi Ulnaris: Superficial muscle, flexes wrist, located on pinky side, attached past carpals.

Muscles of the Posterior Forearm

Brachioradialis: Muscle located on radial side, helps with forearm movements.
Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus & Brevis: Muscles found on thumb side, extend the wrist, attached past carpals.
Extensor Digitorum: Muscle with multiple tendons, extends digits 2-5 at PIP and DIP joints.
Extensor Digiti Minimi: Muscle extending the pinky finger.
Extensor Carpi Ulnaris: Muscle located on pinky side, extends and adducts the wrist.
Abductor Pollicis Longus: Abducts the thumb, attached to the first metacarpal.
Extensor Pollicis Brevis: Extends the thumb, attached to the proximal phalanx of the thumb.
Extensor Pollicis Longus: Extends the thumb, attached to the distal phalanx of the thumb.
Extensor Indicis: Extends the index finger, attached to the proximal phalanx of the index finger.

Clinical Correlations

Lateral Epicondylitis (Tennis Elbow): Inflammation of the lateral epicondyle caused by repetitive actions of the extensor muscles.
Medial Epicondylitis (Golfer's Elbow): Inflammation of the medial epicondyle caused by repetitive actions of the flexor muscles.

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Description

This quiz tests your knowledge of the muscles in the forearm, including both flexor and extensor muscles. Understand their functions, attachments, and significance in forearm movement. Perfect for anatomy students and enthusiasts!