Muscular System - Multiple choice

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of the external intercostals during inhalation?

To draw adjacent ribs together

To decrease the size of the thoracic cavity

To relax the diaphragm

To elevate the ribs (correct)

In which direction do the fibers of the internal intercostals run?

Inferiorly and anteriorly

Posteriorly and superiorly

Superiorly and anteriorly

Interiorly and posteriorly (correct)

Which muscle is considered the most important for powering breathing?

Internal intercostals

External intercostals

Abdominal muscles

Diaphragm (correct)

What mnemonic is used to remember the function of the external intercostals?

Old MacDonald had a farm, E, I, E, I, O Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the internal intercostals during forced exhalation?

To draw adjacent ribs together Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the location of the external intercostals?

Superficial layer of the thorax Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the biceps brachii muscle?

Flexion of the elbow Signup and view all the answers

Which group of muscles is responsible for producing flexion at the elbow joint?

Biceps brachii, brachialis, and brachioradialis Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes the movements produced by intrinsic muscles of the hand?

Weak but intricate and precise Signup and view all the answers

Where do the posterior compartment muscles of the forearm typically originate?

On the humerus Signup and view all the answers

Which muscles are identified as extrinsic muscles of the hand?

Muscles that originate outside the hand and insert within it Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of the thyrohyoid muscle?

To elevate the thyroid cartilage Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of retinacula in the forearm?

To hold tendons in place Signup and view all the answers

Which area of the palm is associated with the thenar eminence?

Lateral side of the anterior palm Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle is primarily responsible for elbow extension?

Anconeus Signup and view all the answers

Which extrinsic tongue muscle is responsible for pulling the tongue downward and forward?

Genioglossus Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the intrinsic muscles of the tongue?

To change the shape of the tongue Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following muscles raises the back portion of the tongue?

Palatoglossus Signup and view all the answers

Where do the extrinsic muscles of the tongue originate?

Outside the tongue Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle is known for pulling the tongue upward and backward?

Styloglossus Signup and view all the answers

What role does the tongue play in digestion?

It assists in mastication and swallowing Signup and view all the answers

Which group of muscles associated with the anterior neck elevates the hyoid bone?

Suprahyoid muscles Signup and view all the answers

How does the mobility of the tongue contribute to its functions?

It enables both digestive and speech functions Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of smooth muscle in the body?

Propelling food through the digestive canal Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle is primarily responsible for flattening the tongue?

Hyoglossus Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the intrinsic muscles of the tongue during speech?

They help in language articulation Signup and view all the answers

How does the structure of smooth muscle differ from skeletal and cardiac muscle?

It is nonstriated and lacks banding patterns Signup and view all the answers

Which type of muscle contraction helps maintain body positions like standing or sitting?

Isometric contractions of skeletal muscle Signup and view all the answers

What is responsible for the unconscious control of skeletal muscles for activities like breathing?

The autonomic nervous system Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about muscular tissue is correct?

Skeletal muscle works mainly in a voluntary manner. Signup and view all the answers

Which muscular tissue is specifically involved in producing heat to maintain normal body temperature?

Skeletal muscle Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the ring-like contractions of smooth muscle that help in storage and movement of substances?

Sphincters Signup and view all the answers

What function does muscular tissue NOT perform?

Storing nutrients for energy Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following muscles behaves with autorhythmicity?

Cardiac muscle Signup and view all the answers

What term describes the scientific study of muscles?

Myology Signup and view all the answers

What role does the triceps brachii play when the biceps brachii contracts?

It acts as the antagonist. Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle is NOT part of the anterolateral abdominal wall?

Deltoid Signup and view all the answers

How do the fascicles of the internal abdominal oblique muscle extend in relation to the external abdominal oblique?

They extend at right angles to the external oblique. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the muscles in the abdominal wall?

To protect the abdominal viscera and move the vertebral column. Signup and view all the answers

What describes the arrangement of the muscle fascicles of the transversus abdominis?

Directed transversely around the abdominal wall. Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle is considered the prime mover for flexing the forearm at the elbow?

Biceps brachii Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about the external abdominal oblique muscle is accurate?

It is the most superficial abdominal muscle. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of the rectus abdominis muscle?

It extends the entire length of the anterior abdominal wall. Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle primarily supports breathing alongside the intercostal muscles?

Rectus abdominis Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Muscles that move Radius and Ulna

Flexion and extension of the elbow are primarily controlled by muscles of the forearm.
Flexor muscles: Biceps brachii, brachialis, and brachioradialis are responsible for bending the elbow.
Extensor muscles: Triceps brachii and anconeus are responsible for straightening the elbow.

Muscles of the Forearm

These muscles are responsible for moving the wrist, hand, thumb, and digits.
Extrinsic muscles of the hand originate outside the hand but insert within it, providing powerful but coarse movements of the digits.
Anterior (flexor) compartment muscles originate on the humerus and insert on the carpals, metacarpals, and phalanges, functioning primarily as flexors.
Posterior (extensor) compartment muscles originate on the humerus, insert on the metacarpals and phalanges, and function as extensors.

Muscles of the Palm (Intrinsic Muscles of the Hand)

These muscles provide delicate and precise movements of the digits.
Thenar eminence: Creates the bulk side of the anterior lateral palm area.
Hypothenar: Creates the bulk side of the medial anterior aspect of the palm.
Intermediate: Located in the mid-palm area.

Muscles that Move the Tongue

Extrinsic muscles of the tongue originate outside the tongue and attach to it, moving the entire tongue in various directions.
Genioglossus: Originates from the mandible and pulls the tongue downward and forward.
Styloglossus: Originates from the styloid process and pulls the tongue upward and backward.
Hyoglossus: Originates from the hyoid bone and pulls the tongue downward, flattening it.
Palatoglossus: Originates from the soft palate and raises the back portion of the tongue.

Muscles of the Anterior Neck

Suprahyoid muscles: These muscles elevate the hyoid bone, the floor of the oral cavity, and the tongue during swallowing.

Muscles of the Abdomen

Anterolateral abdominal wall: Composed of four muscle pairs, these muscles protect abdominal viscera and move the vertebral column.
External oblique: Superficial muscle with muscle fascicles extending inferiorly and medially.
Internal oblique: Intermediate flat muscle with fascicles extending at right angles to the external oblique.
Transversus abdominis: Deep muscle with most muscle fascicles extending transversely around the abdominal wall.
Rectus abdominis: Long muscle extending the entire length of the anterior abdominal wall.

Muscles of the Thorax for Breathing

Diaphragm: The dome-shaped muscle that powers breathing.
Intercostal muscles: Located between the ribs and play a role in breathing.
External intercostals: Superficial layer, fibers run in an oblique direction interiorly and anteriorly, elevating ribs during inhalation.
Internal intercostals: Intermediate layer, fibers run at right angles to external intercostals, drawing adjacent ribs together during forced exhalation.

Key Points about Muscular Tissue

Myology: The scientific study of muscles.
Skeletal muscle: Primarily voluntary muscle that moves bones.
Smooth muscle: Involuntary muscle located in the walls of hollow internal structures, responsible for things like peristalsis.
Cardiac muscle: Found only in the heart, and is involuntary.

Muscular Tissue Functions

Production of body movements: Integrated action of skeletal muscles, bones, and joints.
Stabilization of body positions: Continuous muscle contractions maintain posture, such as standing or sitting.
Storage and movement of substances within the body: Accomplished by sustained contractions of smooth muscle sphincters.
Heat production: Muscle contractions contribute to body temperature regulation.

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Description

This quiz covers the key muscles that facilitate the movement of the radius and ulna, as well as those responsible for forearm and hand functions. It includes details on flexor and extensor muscles, along with intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of the hand. Test your knowledge on the anatomy related to these critical muscle groups.