Anatomy of the Hand and Forearm Quiz

Forearm and Hand Anatomy

• This presentation covers the anatomy of the forearm and hand, including bones, muscles, vascular structures (arteries and veins), nerves, and joints. Specific objectives for the lecture are outlined.

Forearm Objectives

• Students will be able to describe the radius and ulna's major features.
• Students will identify bony landmarks of the humerus, radius, ulna, and hand for muscle attachment.
• Students will understand the forearm's fascial organization into two compartments.
• Students will name and describe the forearm muscles' attachments, actions, and innervation.
• Students will describe the course and main branches of radial and ulnar arteries in the forearm and wrist.
• The course of radial and ulnar veins will be described.
• Students will describe the median, ulnar, and radial nerves in the forearm and the structures they innervate.
• Students can identify radius and ulna features on upper extremity radiographs.
• Students can identify the ulnar and radial arteries on upper extremity angiograms.
• Students will be able to explain varied clinical correlates associated with the forearm.

Hand Objectives

• Identifying the bones of the hand (carpals, metacarpals, and phalanges) is a key objective.
• The presentation will describe the anatomy of various hand joints and their movements.
• Specializations of the wrist and hand deep fascia, such as flexor/extensor retinacula, the palmar aponeurosis, and fibrous digital sheaths, will be outlined.
• Students will describe the course and principal branches of the ulnar and radial arteries in the hand.
• The distribution of dermatomes on the hand will be explained.
• Description of cutaneous innervation and autogenous zones for median, radial, and ulnar nerves in the hand.
• Students will be able to name intrinsic hand muscles, describing their attachments, actions and innervation.
• Describing the anatomical snuff box and its contents.
• The structure and contents of the carpal tunnel will be explained.
• Explaining clinical correlates associated with the hand.

Outline

• The presentation includes topics of Movements, Bones, Vasculature, Nerves, Forearm Muscles, Forearm Fascia, Hand Muscles, Forearm anatomy (with bones), Hand anatomy

Movements of the Wrist and Forearm

• Wrist movements include flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, radial and ulnar deviation.
• Other movements include supination and pronation.

Movements of the Digits

• Digits 2-5 move through abduction, adduction, flexion, and extension.
• Thumb movements involve abduction, adduction, flexion, extension, opposition (and circumduction).

Bones & Bony Landmarks

• Detailed descriptions of the bones and bony landmarks in the forearms and hands, using anatomical terms and locations (lateral epicondyle, medial epicondyle, olecranon process, radial head, radial neck, radial tuberosity, ulnar tuberosity, coronoid process, styloid processes, wrist joint, carpals, humerus, etc.)
• Word banks of bony landmarks are included.

Bones & Bony Landmarks (hand)

• Word bank with specific terms for each bone including carpal, metacarpal, and phalangeal bones (e.g., pisiform, scaphoid, trapezoid, triquetrum, capitate, hamate).

Joints

• Describes various joints in the forearm and hand (e.g., distal interphalangeal, metacarpal-phalangeal, mid-carpal, wrist (radiocarpal), proximal interphalangeal, interphalangeal, carpo-metacarpal).
• Functions of these joints are discussed.

Radial Head Dislocation (Nursemaid's Elbow)

• Description of this common childhood injury.
• Causes, symptoms and treatment outlined.

Olecranon Fracture

• Describes causes, symptoms and treatment options (e.g., splinting, surgery).

FOOSH (Fall onto an Outstretched Hand)

• Describes types of fractures and injured arteries (radial or ulnar).

Arterial Supply (Forearm and Hand)

• Outline of artery locations and branches in the forearm and hand.
• Detailed anatomical information about arteries and their branches, including anastomotic relationships.

Allen's Test

• A specific anatomical testing procedure to evaluate radial and ulnar artery patency and blood supply, and their anastomotic connections.

Venous Return

• Describes venous return structures (e.g., median cubital vein, cephalic vein, basilic vein, antebrachial vein).
• Illustrations will show the branching pattern of these vessels.

Innervation (Cutaneous)

• Segments and individual nerves associated with the distributions of sensations on the forearm and hand.
• Specific examples of nerve anatomy and their cutaneous areas.

Innervation (Motor)

• List of nerves for motor functions of forearm and hands.
• Illustration provided to show the branching and associated muscles.

Nerves in the Forearm

• Specific descriptions of radial, median, and ulnar nerves are provided.
• Illustrations will show how these nerves run through the forearm and their anatomical distribution.

Nerves in the Hand

• Description, location, and function of the main nerves in the hand (radial, median, and ulnar).

Medial Epicondylitis

• Describes the cause, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment of this overuse injury of the wrist flexors in the forearm

Fascia of Palm

• Descriptions of the connective tissue layers that encase the hand including the palmar aponeurosis, and the formation of 5 compartments; the intermuscular septa and relationships to tendons.

Fascia of Dorsum Hand

• Description of the connective tissue layers including the extensor retinaculum.

Musculature - Palm

• Detailed anatomical descriptions of various muscles in the palm, including thenar and hypothenar muscles and the long flexors of the fingers and the thumb.

Musculature - Dorsum

• Detailed anatomical descriptions of various muscles in the dorsum of the hand.

Anatomical Snuffbox

• Description of the borders and contents of the anatomical snuffbox area of the wrist.

Carpal Tunnel

• Description of the carpal tunnel formation and its contents (nerves and tendons).

Summary - Hand

• Summary table for each group of muscles, including proximal attachment, distal attachment, innervation, blood supply, and action.

Quiz 1

• A quiz related to the anatomy of the hand.