Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary action of the external intercostal muscles?
What is the primary action of the external intercostal muscles?
Which muscle is responsible for compressing the abdominal contents?
Which muscle is responsible for compressing the abdominal contents?
Which type of muscle fiber arrangement describes the rectus femoris?
Which type of muscle fiber arrangement describes the rectus femoris?
What is the primary role of the pectoralis minor muscle?
What is the primary role of the pectoralis minor muscle?
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What term describes a muscle that assists the prime mover?
What term describes a muscle that assists the prime mover?
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What is the primary action of the supraspinatus muscle?
What is the primary action of the supraspinatus muscle?
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Which muscle is responsible for laterally (externally) rotating the arm?
Which muscle is responsible for laterally (externally) rotating the arm?
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Where is the subscapularis muscle located?
Where is the subscapularis muscle located?
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What is the action of the teres minor muscle?
What is the action of the teres minor muscle?
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Which of the following actions is performed by the pectoralis minor muscle?
Which of the following actions is performed by the pectoralis minor muscle?
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What is the main action of the biceps brachii muscle?
What is the main action of the biceps brachii muscle?
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Where does the serratus anterior muscle primarily have its action?
Where does the serratus anterior muscle primarily have its action?
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What action does the diaphragm muscle perform?
What action does the diaphragm muscle perform?
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What is the primary action of the mentalis muscle?
What is the primary action of the mentalis muscle?
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Which muscle compresses the cheek against the teeth and is involved in actions such as blowing and sucking?
Which muscle compresses the cheek against the teeth and is involved in actions such as blowing and sucking?
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What action does the platysma muscle perform?
What action does the platysma muscle perform?
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Which muscle is primarily responsible for elevating the mandible during chewing?
Which muscle is primarily responsible for elevating the mandible during chewing?
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Which muscle assists the masseter in elevation of the mandible?
Which muscle assists the masseter in elevation of the mandible?
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What role do calcium ions (Ca²⁺) play in muscle contraction?
What role do calcium ions (Ca²⁺) play in muscle contraction?
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Which term describes a muscle that opposes the action of another muscle?
Which term describes a muscle that opposes the action of another muscle?
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What is the primary action of the latissimus dorsi muscle?
What is the primary action of the latissimus dorsi muscle?
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Study Notes
Muscles of the Face and Neck
- Frontalis: Located on the forehead, raises eyebrows, wrinkles forehead.
- Occipitalis: Located on the back of the skull, pulls the scalp backward.
- Corrugator Supercilii: Located near the eyebrows, draws eyebrows downwards and medially (frowning).
- Galea Aponeurotica: Connective tissue covering the scalp, between frontalis and occipitalis, serves as a tendon connecting these muscles.
- Nasalis: Located across the nose, compresses nasal cartilages (flaring nostrils).
- Procerus: Located between eyebrows, lowers eyebrows and wrinkles nose skin (expression of anger or frowning).
- Orbicularis Oculi: Around the eyes, closes eyelids, squints, and helps with blinking.
- Levator Palpebrae: Above the eye, in upper eyelid; raises upper eyelid.
- Orbicularis Oris: Around the mouth, closes and protrudes lips (kissing).
- Levator Labii Alaeque Nasi: Side of nose to upper lip, elevates upper lip and dilates nostrils.
- Levator Labii Superioris: Above upper lip, elevates upper lip (disgust).
- Levator Labii Angularis: Near angle of mouth, elevates angle of mouth (smiling).
- Zygomaticus Major: From cheekbone to mouth corners, pulls corners upward (smiling).
- Zygomaticus Minor: Above Zygomaticus major, elevates upper lip.
- Risorius: Along sides of mouth, draws corners laterally (smiling).
- Depressor Labii Angularis: Below mouth, near chin, pulls corners of mouth downward (frowning).
- Depressor Labii Inferioris: Chin to lower lip, depresses lower lip (sad).
- Mentalis: Chin, raises and protrudes lower lip (pouting).
- Buccinator: Cheeks, compresses cheek against teeth (blowing, sucking).
- Platysma: Neck and lower face, depresses mandible (lower jaw), tenses neck skin.
- Masseter: Side of jaw, elevates mandible (chewing).
- Temporalis: Side of head, above ears, elevates and retracts mandible (chewing).
- Digastric: Under jaw, lowers mandible (opens mouth), elevates hyoid bone.
Other Key Terms (Muscle Contraction)
- Myosin: Protein filaments that interact with actin to produce muscle contraction.
- Actin: Protein filaments that interact with myosin to produce muscle contraction.
- Crossbridges: Connections formed by myosin heads and actin filaments during muscle contraction.
Muscles of the Back, Chest, and Upper Limbs
- Trapezius: Upper back and neck, elevates, retracts, rotates scapula (shoulder blade).
- Latissimus Dorsi: Lower back, extends, adducts, and medially rotates the arm.
- Supraspinatus: Above spine of scapula, abducts arm, stabilizes shoulder.
- Infraspinatus: Below spine of scapula, laterally (externally) rotates arm, stabilizes shoulder.
- Subscapularis: Front of scapula, medially (internally) rotates the arm.
- Teres Major: Below infraspinatus, adducts and medially rotates arm.
- Teres Minor: Below infraspinatus, laterally (externally) rotates arm, stabilizes shoulder.
- Rhomboids: Between spine and scapula, retracts and elevates scapula, helps square shoulders.
- Levator Scapulae: Neck, elevates and tilts scapula downward.
- Coracobrachialis: Upper arm, flexes and adducts the arm.
- Pectoralis Major: Chest, flexes, adducts, and medially rotates the arm.
- Pectoralis Minor: Chest, depresses and protracts the scapula, elevates ribs during inhalation.
- Deltoid: Shoulder, abducts, flexes, extends, and rotates the arm.
- Serratus Anterior: Side of chest, protracts and elevates scapula, important for reaching/pushing.
- Biceps Brachii: Upper arm, flexes elbow and supinates the forearm.
- Brachialis: Under biceps brachii, flexes the elbow.
- Brachioradialis: Forearm, flexes elbow (especially when forearm is neutral position).
- Triceps Brachii: Upper arm, extends the elbow.
- Flexor/Extensor Carpi: Forearm, flexes or extends the wrist.
- Flexor/Extensor Digitorum: Forearm, flexes or extends the fingers.
- Flexor/Extensor Pollicis: Forearm, thumb muscles, flexes or extends the thumb.
- Pronator Quadratus/Teres: Forearm, pronates forearm (turns palm down).
Respiratory and Abdominal Muscles
- Diaphragm: Below lungs, separates thoracic and abdominal cavities; contracts for inhalation, relaxes for exhalation.
- Intercostal Muscles: Between ribs, assist in breathing by expanding/contracting thoracic cavity.
- Pectoralis Minor: Under pectoralis major, depresses scapula, assists deep breathing.
- Rectus Abdominis: Abdomen, flexes spine, compresses abdominal contents; posture/breathing.
- Obliques: Sides of abdomen, rotate and laterally flex trunk, compresses abdomen.
Other Information
- ATP: Energy molecule used by muscles for contraction.
- Calcium Ions (Ca2+): Released from sarcoplasmic reticulum to initiate muscle contraction.
- Sodium/Potassium Ions (Na+/K+): Essential for maintaining action potential during muscle contraction.
- Synergist: Muscle that assists the primary muscle (agonist).
- Antagonist: Muscle that opposes the action of another muscle.
- Origin: Fixed attachment point of a muscle.
- Insertion: Movable attachment point of a muscle.
- Action: Specific movement produced when a muscle contracts.
- Pennate Muscle: Muscle fiber arrangement at an angle to the tendon. Types: Unipennate, Bipennate, Multipennate.
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Description
This quiz covers the major muscles located in the face and neck, detailing their functions and locations. Learn about the frontalis, occipitalis, and other important muscles that contribute to facial expressions and movements. Test your knowledge and identification skills regarding these key anatomical structures.
