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Questions and Answers
What are the three sets of fibers found in the Temporalis muscle?
What are the three sets of fibers found in the Temporalis muscle?
Anterior, Middle, Posterior
What muscle is responsible for the protraction of the mandible?
What muscle is responsible for the protraction of the mandible?
Lateral Pterygoid
What are the two actions of the Medial Pterygoid muscle?
What are the two actions of the Medial Pterygoid muscle?
Elevation and protrusion
What specific nerve supplies the Medial Pterygoid muscle?
What specific nerve supplies the Medial Pterygoid muscle?
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All muscles of mastication are supplied by branches from the anterior division of the mandibular nerve.
All muscles of mastication are supplied by branches from the anterior division of the mandibular nerve.
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What are the three ligaments associated with the temporomandibular joint?
What are the three ligaments associated with the temporomandibular joint?
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The primary muscle responsible for opening the mouth is the ______ muscle.
The primary muscle responsible for opening the mouth is the ______ muscle.
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What type of joint is the temporomandibular joint?
What type of joint is the temporomandibular joint?
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What type of cartilage covers the articular surfaces of the temporomandibular joint?
What type of cartilage covers the articular surfaces of the temporomandibular joint?
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What is the function of the articular disc in the temporomandibular joint?
What is the function of the articular disc in the temporomandibular joint?
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What muscle inserts into the periphery of the articular disc in the temporomandibular joint?
What muscle inserts into the periphery of the articular disc in the temporomandibular joint?
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What are the two main arteries supplying blood to the temporomandibular joint?
What are the two main arteries supplying blood to the temporomandibular joint?
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Which of these is NOT a branch of the maxillary artery?
Which of these is NOT a branch of the maxillary artery?
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What are the three branches of the maxillary nerve in the face?
What are the three branches of the maxillary nerve in the face?
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What nerve supplies the sensory function of the anterior 2/3 of the tongue?
What nerve supplies the sensory function of the anterior 2/3 of the tongue?
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The sensory root of the trigeminal nerve is larger than the motor root.
The sensory root of the trigeminal nerve is larger than the motor root.
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What are the three branches of the motor nerve to the medial pterygoid muscle?
What are the three branches of the motor nerve to the medial pterygoid muscle?
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What is the name of the sensory nerve that supplies the skin and mucosa of the buccinator muscle?
What is the name of the sensory nerve that supplies the skin and mucosa of the buccinator muscle?
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The auriculotemporal nerve carries parasympathetic fibers to the parotid gland.
The auriculotemporal nerve carries parasympathetic fibers to the parotid gland.
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What is the name of the largest branch of the posterior division of the mandibular nerve?
What is the name of the largest branch of the posterior division of the mandibular nerve?
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What are the two terminal branches of the Inferior Alveolar nerve?
What are the two terminal branches of the Inferior Alveolar nerve?
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What are the three parts of the Lingual nerve?
What are the three parts of the Lingual nerve?
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What is the name of the nerve that travels in the mandibular canal?
What is the name of the nerve that travels in the mandibular canal?
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Which branch of the maxillary artery supplies the middle ear and the tympanic membrane?
Which branch of the maxillary artery supplies the middle ear and the tympanic membrane?
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Study Notes
Muscles of Mastication
- Temporalis: Fan-shaped muscle with 3 fiber sets (anterior, middle, posterior). Originates in the temporal fossa and fascia. Inserts on the coronoid process. Elevates and retracts the mandible.
- Masseter: Two fiber sets (superficial, deep). Originates in the zygomatic arch. Inserts on the ramus of mandible. Produces protrusion and elevation.
- Lateral Pterygoid: Two heads (upper, lower). Originates from the sphenoid and lateral pterygoid plate. Inserts on the articular disc and neck of mandible. Depresses and protracts mandible, and assists in side-to-side movement.
- Medial Pterygoid: Two heads (superficial, deep). Originates from the sphenoid and lateral pterygoid plate. Inserts on the angle and ramus of mandible. Elevates and protracts the mandible, and assists in side-to-side movement.
Nerve Supply
- All mastication muscles are supplied by branches from the anterior division of the mandibular nerve, except the medial pterygoid, which is supplied by a branch from the main trunk.
Temporomandibular Joint (TMJ)
- Type and articular surfaces: A biaxial condylar synovial joint. The articular surfaces (head of the mandible and mandibular fossa) are covered with fibrocartilage.
- Fibrous capsule: Attached to margins of the mandibular fossa and articular tubercle. A thickened lateral portion forms the temporomandibular ligament. Attached to the neck of the mandible and the articular disc.
- Articular disc: An oval plate of dense fibrocartilage separating the joint into upper and lower compartments. The upper surface is concavo-convex and the lower surface is concave. It is attached to the fibrous capsule and receives the insertion of the lateral pterygoid muscle.
Ligaments
- Temporomandibular ligament: Thickened band of the lateral capsule. Attaches to the articular tubercle and the lateral/posterior surfaces of the mandibular neck.
- Stylomandibular ligament: From the styloid process to the angle and posterior border of mandible.
- Sphenomandibular ligament: From the sphenoid spine to the lingula of the mandible.
Movements of Mandible
- Depression (opening): Primarily the lateral pterygoid, assisted by gravity and other muscles.
- Elevation (closing): Medial pterygoid, temporalis, and masseter muscles.
- Protrusion (forward movement): Lateral and medial pterygoids.
- Retraction (backward movement): Posterior fibers of temporalis.
- Side-to-side movement: Lateral and medial pterygoids.
Nerve Supply
- Fine branches from the auriculotemporal nerve and nerve to masseter.
Blood Supply
- Maxillary artery
- Superficial temporal artery
Trigeminal Nerve (5th Cranial Nerve)
- Sensory root: Largest root, with trigeminal ganglion. Provides sensory input to the face, scalp, and anterior 2/3 of the tongue.
- Motor root: Smallest root. Supplies 8 muscles (4 muscles of mastication, 2 tensor muscles, and 2 others: mylohyoid and anterior belly of digastric).
Maxillary Nerve
- Course: Passes through the middle cranial fossa, pterygopalatine fossa, orbital floor, and infraorbital canal. (has four regions of travel). Divides into three branches for the face.
- Branches: Meningeal branch; spheno-palatine ganglion branches; posterior superior alveolar nerve; zygomatic nerve; zygomatico-temporal; zygomatico-facial; infraorbital nerve ; middle superior alveolar nerve; (anterior superior alveolar, infraorbital).
Mandibular Nerve
- Origin: 2 roots (motor and sensory).
- Course: Leaves the skull through the foramen ovale and becomes a trunk.
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Branches:
- Motor: nerve to medial pterygoid, tensor palati, tensor tympani.
- Sensory: nervus spinosus (supplies dura mater).
- Anterior division branches: motor to temporalis, masseter, lateral pterygoid. Sensory branch (buccal nerve) supplies the skin and mucosa.
- Posterior division branches: auriculotemporal nerve; inferior alveolar nerve (which then has mental and incisive branches)
Pterygoid Venous Plexus
- Rich venous plexus, located superficial and deep to the lateral pterygoid muscle.
- Receives venous blood from maxillary artery branches.
- Communicates with anterior facial veins, cavernous sinus, and inferior ophthalmic vein.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the muscles involved in mastication with this quiz. Explore the anatomy of the temporalis, masseter, lateral pterygoid, and medial pterygoid muscles. Additionally, learn about their functions and nerve supply.
