Muscle Types and Diseases Quiz

<p>Congestive Heart Failure (CHF) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fast-twitch fibers (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is found in involuntary structures. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Complete occlusion of coronary arteries (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Inadequate muscle contraction due to direct damage to myocardium cells (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It consists of a group of genetic diseases causing progressive weakness of skeletal muscle. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Most individuals have a deletion in the dystrophin gene. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Should be abundant in myocytes and detectable in blood after injury (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Their plasma levels correlate with the degree of myocardial injury. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Muscle fiber disorders (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Greatly elevated serum CK enzyme levels prior to symptom onset (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Should be detectable only in blood post-injury (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is an irreversible process causing cell death and necrosis. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>cTnT and cTnI (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>4 to 6 hours after onset (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To track the temporal pattern of cardiac biomarkers. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Troponins are more sensitive and specific for cardiac injury than CK-MB. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A possible reinfarction or new MI event. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>At intervals including 2 to 4 hours, 6 to 8 hours, and 12 hours after suspicion. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>M and B (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Troponins are specific to cardiac muscle damage. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>4 to 10 days. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>cTnI remains elevated for 3 to 7 days after an acute MI. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>After 4 hours following MI. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>cTnI is not affected by any skeletal muscle injuries. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It can be detected as early as 1 to 2 hours after symptom onset. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Recent myocardial dysfunction. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>cTnT has a peak or plateau at 1 to 6 days after MI. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Skeletal muscle is attached to bones and is responsible for movement. It's made of long, unbranched cells that run the length of the muscle.

Found only in the heart, cardiac muscle is responsible for pumping blood throughout the body. It's characterized by branched, interconnected cells.

Smooth muscle is found in the walls of organs like the stomach and bladder. It helps move substances through these organs and is not under conscious control.

Ischemia refers to a lack of adequate blood supply to an organ, often caused by atherosclerosis. This can lead to pain, damage, or even death of the affected tissue.

Atherosclerosis is a condition where cholesterol builds up in the arteries, narrowing them and restricting blood flow. It is a major cause of heart disease.

Myocardial infarction, commonly known as a heart attack, occurs when the blood supply to a portion of the heart muscle is completely blocked, causing tissue death.

Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is a term for a group of conditions that suddenly reduce blood flow to the heart, leading to potential heart damage.

Congestive heart failure (CHF) is a condition where the heart can't pump blood effectively, leading to fluid buildup and symptoms like shortness of breath and fatigue.

A group of genetic diseases characterized by progressive weakness and degeneration of skeletal muscle with no evidence of neural degeneration.

The most common type of muscular dystrophy, caused by a deletion in the dystrophin gene, leading to a defective dystrophin protein.

Cardiac biomarkers are molecules released from damaged heart muscle cells into the bloodstream.

An ideal cardiac marker should be abundant in heart muscle cells, released early after injury, and specific to heart damage.

A condition characterized by weakened heart muscle contraction due to damage to the heart muscle cells.

A group of muscle disorders that affect the neuromuscular junction, where nerve signals are transmitted to muscle fibers.

A category of muscle disorders characterized by problems with the muscle fibers themselves.

A category of muscle disorders caused by damage to nerve cells, leading to muscle weakness.

Myocardial infarction (MI), commonly known as a heart attack, occurs when the blood supply to a portion of the heart muscle is completely blocked, causing tissue death.

The diagnosis of MI often relies on a combination of factors, including the patient's symptoms, an electrocardiogram (ECG) to assess heart electrical activity, and blood tests to measure levels of cardiac biomarkers.

Cardiac biomarkers are specific substances released into the bloodstream when the heart muscle is damaged. These biomarkers can help identify the presence and extent of heart damage.

Troponin is a protein found in heart muscle. When the heart muscle is damaged, troponin is released into the blood. Elevated levels of troponin in the blood are a strong indicator of MI.

Creatine kinase (CK) is an enzyme found in various tissues, including heart muscle. CK-MB is a specific form of CK that is primarily found in the heart. Elevated levels of CK-MB are another indication of MI.

The time course of CK-MB changes in the blood can be helpful in distinguishing between an initial MI and a subsequent extension or re-infarction of the heart attack.

Troponin levels generally remain elevated for a longer duration compared to CK-MB. This makes troponin a more sensitive marker for MI, especially for detection of injury that occurred several days prior.

Both troponin and CK-MB are valuable tools in diagnosing MI, helping to determine the extent and timing of heart muscle damage. They can also help monitor the effectiveness of treatment.

Troponin I (cTnI) and Troponin T (cTnT) are proteins found in heart muscle. When heart muscle is damaged (like during a heart attack), these proteins are released into the bloodstream.

After a heart attack, troponin levels in the blood remain elevated for a longer period, typically 4 to 10 days.

Even though cTnI is smaller than cTnT, it still acts as a reliable marker for a heart attack and is elevated around the same time. It's a helpful tool for early diagnosis.

Unlike CK-MB, which can be elevated in skeletal muscle injury, cTnI is highly specific to heart muscle damage, making it a more accurate indicator of a heart attack.

Myoglobin is found in both heart and skeletal muscle, making it less specific for heart attacks. However, it's a good early marker for a heart attack because it rises in the blood sooner than other markers.

cTnT levels rise in the blood shortly after a heart attack, peaking between 1 and 6 days. Because it stays in the blood for a longer time, it can help doctors assess a patient's recent history of heart damage.

Troponin levels are very low in people without heart disease, so doctors can use them to diagnose a heart attack even with smaller increases in levels.

Doctors can use cTnT to diagnose heart attacks, even if CK-MB is elevated because of a recent injury to skeletal muscle. This helps to eliminate confusion.