30 Questions
Which type of muscle tissue is characterized by longitudinal cuts and is involuntary?
Smooth
Which structure anchors the actin filaments of two sarcomeres in a skeletal muscle?
Z-line
Which component of a sarcomere contains both thick filaments (myosin) and thin filaments (actin)?
A-band
Which band of a sarcomere contains only myosin?
H-band
Which band of a sarcomere contains only thin filaments (actin)?
I-band
Which type of muscle tissue is found in the heart?
Cardiac
What is the main function of muscle tissue?
Contraction
Which type of muscle tissue is characterized by striated, short fibers and intercalated discs?
Cardiac muscle
What is the main function of Golgi tendon organs?
Sense tension in the tendons
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of cardiac muscle?
Longitudinal section
What structures provide connective forces between cardiac muscle cells?
All of the above
Which of the following is true about the organization of actin and myosin in cardiac muscle?
Branching connected by intercalated discs
What triggers the conformational change of tropomyosin in cardiac muscle?
Ca++ binding to troponin
What is the main function of T-tubules in cardiac muscle?
To trigger muscle impulse
Which protein connects to the z-line and attaches to the myosin filament?
Titin
What is the trigger for ALL muscle contraction?
Elevation of Ca++
What is the source of internal (intracellular) Ca++ in muscle cells?
Sarcoplasmic reticulum
What is the role of T-tubules in muscle cells?
Generate action potentials
What is the function of troponin in muscle contraction?
Bind active sites on actin
Which of the following disrupts the neuromuscular junction?
All of the above
What is the function of muscle spindles and Golgi tendon organs?
Sense stretch and rate of stretch
Which type of muscle is responsible for rhythmic contraction/relaxation due to slow leakage of Ca++?
Cardiac muscle
Which structure controls the rhythmic contraction of cardiac muscle?
Sinoatrial node (SA node)
Which type of muscle is influenced by autonomic (sympathetic/parasympathetic) control and hormonal control?
Cardiac muscle
Which type of muscle contains Purkinje fibers in the ventricles of the heart?
Cardiac muscle
Which type of muscle is specialized for slow, steady contraction?
Smooth muscle
Which type of muscle is found in blood vessels, respiratory tract, digestive tract, uterus, bladder, and more?
Smooth muscle
Which type of muscle uses calmodulin and myosin light-chain kinase (MLCK) instead of troponin and tropomyosin?
Smooth muscle
Which type of muscle is innervated by post-ganglionic autonomic nerves?
Smooth muscle
Which type of muscle does NOT use troponin or tropomyosin in its contraction mechanism?
Smooth muscle
Study Notes
Muscle Tissue Characteristics
- Smooth muscle tissue is characterized by longitudinal cuts and is involuntary.
- Skeletal muscle tissue has striations and is voluntary.
Sarcomere Structure
- Z-disks anchor the actin filaments of two sarcomeres in a skeletal muscle.
- The A-band of a sarcomere contains only myosin (thick filaments).
- The I-band of a sarcomere contains only thin filaments (actin).
- The M-line of a sarcomere contains myosin and actin filaments.
Cardiac Muscle Characteristics
- Cardiac muscle tissue is found in the heart and is involuntary.
- Cardiac muscle tissue has striations, is branched, and has intercalated discs.
Muscle Function
- The main function of muscle tissue is to contract and produce movement.
Golgi Tendon Organs and Muscle Spindles
- The main function of Golgi tendon organs is to detect changes in muscle length and tension.
- Muscle spindles and Golgi tendon organs provide proprioception (sense of position and movement).
Cardiac Muscle Characteristics
- Intercalated discs provide connective forces between cardiac muscle cells.
- Actin and myosin are arranged in a hexagonal lattice in cardiac muscle.
- The conformational change of tropomyosin in cardiac muscle is triggered by calcium ions.
- T-tubules in cardiac muscle trigger calcium release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum.
- Titin connects to the z-line and attaches to the myosin filament.
- The trigger for all muscle contraction is the binding of calcium ions to troponin-tropomyosin complex.
- The source of internal (intracellular) Ca++ in muscle cells is the sarcoplasmic reticulum.
Neuromuscular Junction
- Botulinum toxin disrupts the neuromuscular junction.
Muscle Types
- Cardiac muscle is responsible for rhythmic contraction/relaxation due to slow leakage of Ca++.
- The sinoatrial (SA) node controls the rhythmic contraction of cardiac muscle.
- Smooth muscle is influenced by autonomic (sympathetic/parasympathetic) control and hormonal control.
- Cardiac muscle contains Purkinje fibers in the ventricles of the heart.
- Smooth muscle is specialized for slow, steady contraction.
- Smooth muscle is found in blood vessels, respiratory tract, digestive tract, uterus, bladder, and more.
- Smooth muscle uses calmodulin and myosin light-chain kinase (MLCK) instead of troponin and tropomyosin.
- Smooth muscle is innervated by post-ganglionic autonomic nerves.
Test your knowledge on muscle tissue and sensory characteristics in this quiz. Learn about Golgi tendon organs, nerve endings, skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscles, as well as their classifications, vocabulary, structural organization, and contraction mechanisms. Discover the disruptions and sensory characteristics associated with muscle tissue.
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