Muscle Tissue and Anatomy Quiz

Muscle tissue attached to bones, responsible for voluntary movement.

Muscle tissue found only in the heart, responsible for involuntary heart contractions.

Muscle tissue found in internal organs (viscera), responsible for involuntary movements.

Connective tissue covering the entire skeletal muscle.

Plasma membrane of a muscle fiber (cell).

The smallest contractile unit of a muscle fiber. It's the basic unit of muscle contraction.

A filament in a muscle fiber, composed mainly of the protein myosin, and responsible for the 'thick' appearance under a microscope.

A filament in a muscle fiber, composed primarily of the protein actin, and appearing thinner than the thick filaments.

A protein that forms the thick filaments in muscle fibers. Its heads bind to actin during contraction.

A protein that forms the thin filaments in muscle fibers. It interacts with myosin to cause muscle contraction.

A protein structure that anchors the thin filaments in a sarcomere.

A network of interconnected tubules within a muscle fiber that stores and releases calcium ions, which are essential to muscle contraction.

Invaginations of the sarcolemma (muscle cell membrane) that allow electrical signals to quickly penetrate the muscle fiber, triggering calcium release.

The model describing how muscle contraction works, where thin and thick filaments slide past each other, shortening the sarcomere.

In a relaxed state, the thin filaments (actin) and thick filaments (myosin) overlap only slightly at the ends of the A band.

During muscle contraction, the thin filaments slide past the thick filaments, increasing the overlap between them. The filaments themselves don't change length.

When a nerve impulse reaches a muscle fiber, myosin heads bind to actin, forming cross bridges. These bridges are responsible for pulling the thin filaments during contraction.

The cross bridges form and break repeatedly, each time pulling the thin filaments a little closer towards the center of the sarcomere. This repeated action is known as the ratcheting action.

The ratcheting action causes the sarcomere (the basic unit of a muscle fiber) to shorten, which in turn shortens the entire muscle fiber.

During muscle contraction, the Z discs (boundaries of a sarcomere) are pulled closer to the M line (the center of the sarcomere).

The I band, which contains only thin filaments, becomes shorter during muscle contraction.

The H zone, which contains only thick filaments, disappears during muscle contraction.

The A band, which contains both thick and thin filaments, stays the same length during contraction, but appears to move closer to the adjacent A bands.

The nervous system is divided into two main parts: the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS).

The most abundant type of glial cell in the CNS. They provide structural support to neurons, regulate blood flow in the brain, and are involved in repairing nervous tissue.

These are the immune cells of the CNS, acting as defenders against pathogens and cellular debris.

These line the ventricles of the brain and the central canal of the spinal cord, producing cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).

These cells, found in the CNS, produce myelin sheaths that insulate axons and speed up nerve impulse transmission.

These cells surround neuron cell bodies in the PNS, performing functions similar to astrocytes in the CNS.

These cells, found in the PNS, produce myelin sheaths around axons, similar to oligodendrocytes in the CNS.

Neurons are the structural units of the nervous system. They are specialized for transmitting nerve impulses and consist of a cell body and one or more processes.

A branched process of a neuron that receives incoming signals.

Nuclei are clusters of neuron cell bodies in the CNS, controlling specific functions like movement and breathing. Ganglia are clusters of neuron cell bodies in the PNS, processing information for reflexes.

A fatty covering formed by oligodendrocytes that insulates axons in the central nervous system, increasing the speed of nerve impulse transmission.

A neuron with one axon and multiple dendrites, the most common type of neuron found in the central nervous system.

A neuron with one axon and one dendrite, found in specialized sensory organs like the retina and olfactory epithelium.

A neuron with a single process that branches into an axon and dendrite, mainly found in the peripheral nervous system, especially in sensory ganglia.

A neuron that transmits impulses from sensory receptors towards the central nervous system.

A neuron that carries impulses from the central nervous system to effectors, such as muscles and glands.

A neuron that connects motor and sensory neurons within the central nervous system, facilitating communication and processing of information.

The brain stem, including the midbrain, pons, and medulla, controls essential life-sustaining functions such as breathing, heart rate, and blood pressure.

A major part of the brain located at the back, responsible for coordinating movements, balance, and posture.

The outer layer of the brain, made up of neuron cell bodies, dendrites, and glial cells. It's responsible for processing information.

The inner layer of the brain, made up of myelinated axons. It acts as a communication pathway for signals.

Ridges or folds on the surface of the brain, increasing surface area for processing.

Shallow grooves on the surface of the brain separating the gyri.

Deep grooves on the surface of the brain, dividing the brain into lobes.

A deep groove that separates the two cerebral hemispheres.

A deep groove that separates the cerebrum from the cerebellum.

The outer layer of the cerebrum responsible for higher mental functions like thinking, learning, and memory.

Fluid-filled chambers within the brain that contain and circulate CSF (Cerebrospinal Fluid).

A clear fluid that cushions and protects the brain and spinal cord, providing nourishment and removing waste products.

Protective membranes that surround the brain and spinal cord, providing cushioning and protection.

The outermost layer of the meninges, a strong and tough membrane.

The middle layer of the meninges, a delicate web-like membrane.

The innermost layer of the meninges, a thin membrane that tightly adheres to the brain.