Questions and Answers
What are some benefits of massage?
It reduces stress, can help lower blood pressure, promotes muscle relaxation, improves circulation, improves posture, and helps strengthen the body's immune system.
Which type of massage is mainly used to treat musculoskeletal issues?
What is reflexology?
A form of bodywork that applies pressure to the hands and feet to produce changes in pain and other benefits elsewhere in the body.
What is acupressure based on?
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What condition does Mr. Che likely have?
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What is the primary cause of Mr. Che's condition?
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What is muscular dystrophy?
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What is the expected prognosis for muscular dystrophy?
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What occurs in tennis elbow?
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What treatments will the doctor prescribe for Letisha's tennis elbow?
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What changes occur in Eli's muscle system as he ages?
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What information should Kieran include in his presentation about sports medicine?
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List three structural features of skeletal muscle tissue.
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Where is skeletal muscle tissue found in the body?
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List three structural features of smooth muscle tissue.
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Where is smooth muscle tissue located in the body?
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List three structural features of cardiac muscle tissue.
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Where is cardiac muscle tissue found in the body?
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Name the four common characteristics of muscle cells.
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A characteristic shared with nerve cells is the ability to respond to a stimulus, known as __________.
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This structure contains membranes fused at places called intercalated disks; identify the muscle.
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The ability of a muscle to return to its original length after stretching is known as __________.
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The ability of muscles to be stretched is called __________.
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Muscles only pull and never push; they are attached to the bones of the skeleton by __________.
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The part of the muscle attached to a fixed point on the bones is called __________.
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This muscle has the ability to cause the diameter of blood vessels to decrease on contraction; identify it.
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Muscles that open and close to control the passage of substances are called __________.
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The ability of the muscle to shorten, which reduces the distance between parts, is known as __________.
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The part of the muscle attached to the movable part of the bone is known as __________.
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Muscles are always in a state of partial contraction.
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In an isotonic muscle contraction, the muscle does not shorten.
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When muscles are flaccid, they are weak.
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The primary muscle that would likely be worked in massage therapy for the upper back is __________.
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If you weigh 160 pounds, approximately how much weight is muscle?
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Intercalated disks are found in which type of muscle?
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The characteristic of a muscle to be stretched is known as?
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Muscles that produce movement in a single direction are called?
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What do you call a single muscle contraction?
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A tear in the muscle is known as a __________.
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Study Notes
Muscle Tissue Types
- Skeletal Muscle: Voluntary, striated, packed closely together; located in virtually all bones of the skeleton.
- Smooth Muscle: Involuntary, non-striated with a greater amount of actin; found in walls of hollow internal structures (blood vessels, airways, organs).
- Cardiac Muscle: Involuntary, striated, connected by intercalated disks; exclusively in the heart.
Common Characteristics of Muscle Cells
- Contractibility: Ability to shorten and produce force.
- Excitability: Capability to respond to stimuli.
- Extensibility: Ability to be stretched.
- Elasticity: Capacity to return to original length after stretching.
Muscle Characteristics and Functions
- Excitability: Shared with nerve cells in response to stimuli.
- Cardiac Muscle: Features intercalated disks that allow synchronized contractions.
- Elasticity: Ability of muscles to regain shape post-stretching.
- Extensibility: Muscles can be stretched without damage.
- Tendons: Connect muscles to bones, transmitting the pulling force.
- Origin: Fixed attachment of a muscle; least movable during contraction.
- Insertion: Movable attachment point of a muscle; most movable during contraction.
- Smooth Muscle Contraction: Decreases the diameter of blood vessels.
Muscle Contraction Process
- Requires stimulus from a motor nerve and energy (ATP).
- Oxygen and glucose are essential for muscle cell function.
- Neuromuscular Junction: Site where nerve impulse interacts with muscle.
- Neurotransmitter: Chemical released at the junction to initiate contraction.
- Action potential causes temporary permeability to sodium ions, leading to contraction.
Muscle Tone and Contraction Types
- Muscle tone is always in partial contraction.
- Isometric contraction: muscle tension remains constant, no length change.
- Isotonic contraction: muscle length changes while maintaining tension.
- Flaccid muscles indicate weakness or lack of tone.
- Muscle atrophy is a decrease in muscle size from disuse.
- Hypertrophy results in muscle enlargement through exercise.
Muscle Naming and Identification
- Muscles are described by location, size, number of origins, and action.
- Frontalis: Located on the forehead.
- Gluteus Maximus: Largest muscle in the buttock region.
- Triceps Brachii: Muscle with three heads of origin.
- Serratus Anterior: Located at the anterior chest, moves scapula.
Factors Affecting Muscle Contractions
- Age, sex, fiber type, speed of movement, relative strength, cross-sectional area, and joint area impact muscle function.
Muscle Health and Injuries
- To manage body fat: cut carbs from diet.
- Tetanus prevention: control wounds and maintain cleanliness.
- Muscle fatigue recovery involves proper rest and hydration.
- Rotator cuff injuries require rest, therapy, and possible steroid injections.
Various Muscle Types and Functions
- Trapezius: Moves shoulders and extends the head.
- Deltoid: Located at the shoulder joint, responsible for arm movement.
- Biceps Brachii: Flexes the lower arm.
- Gastrocnemius: Points toes and flexes the lower leg.
Mixed Muscles and Systems Interaction
- Intercostal muscles assist in breathing.
- Skeletal muscles help in fluid return to the heart.
- Muscles create emotional expressions and impact body temperature regulation.
Conditions and Treatments
- Muscular Dystrophy: Genetic defect leading to muscle cell deterioration; treatable with therapy and medication.
- Tennis Elbow: Pain caused by overuse of elbow muscles, often requiring rest and therapy.
- Headaches: Managed through rest and pain relief techniques.
Study Preparation
- Exercise Regularly: Engage in daily activities to maintain muscle fitness.
- Injury Awareness: Understand symptoms related to muscle strain and seek proper treatment to maintain long-term health.### Tennis Elbow
- Inflammation of the tendon connecting the arm muscle to the elbow due to repetitive arm use and under-conditioning.
- Activities potentially leading to tennis elbow include carrying luggage, swinging a golf club, and pounding with a hammer.
- Treatment prescribed may include pain relief measures and application of ice packs to reduce inflammation.
Aging and Muscle Changes
- Aging leads to increased muscle rigidity and decreased muscle tone.
- Older adults may experience a lower ability for muscle contraction, influenced by changes in muscle tissue and the nervous system.
Sports Medicine and Athletic Training
- Sports medicine encompasses a range of professionals including team physicians, certified athletic trainers, coaches, athletes, their parents, school administrators, and community health facilities.
- Athletic training focuses specifically on the prevention and management of athletic injuries, involving immediate care during practices and games.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the three types of muscle tissue: skeletal, smooth, and cardiac. Identify their features and locations in the body through labeling diagrams and writing down key characteristics. This quiz will help reinforce your understanding of muscle tissue structure and function.