Muscle Stem Cells and Myogenesis
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Questions and Answers

What is the main function of satellite cells in skeletal muscle?

  • Initiating muscle contraction
  • Generating heat
  • Maintaining muscle homeostasis (correct)
  • Supporting muscle attachment to bones

Where do satellite cells reside in skeletal muscle?

  • In the perimysium
  • In the sarcolemma
  • Between the basal lamina and the sarcolemma (correct)
  • Within the myofibers

What role do satellite cells play in muscle repair?

  • Encourage muscle contraction
  • Facilitate inflammation
  • Aid in muscle regrowth (correct)
  • Stabilize muscle structure

During which period are satellite cells most proliferative after tissue injury?

<p>Between 5-10 days (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What other cell types are involved in mediating muscle regeneration?

<p>Immune cells and fibro/adipogenic progenitors (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the basal lamina in muscle structure?

<p>Individually wrapping myofibers (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of myofibers?

<p>Actively contracting in response to signals (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes satellite cells from other muscle cells?

<p>Ability to regenerate tissue (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the source of muscle progenitor cells required for postnatal muscle growth?

<p>Satellite cells (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why was it important to wait until mice were adults before assessing the role of satellite cells in muscle homeostasis?

<p>To avoid labeling growing cells (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of asymmetric cell division in satellite stem cells?

<p>A Pax7+/Myf5- satellite stem cell daughter and a Pax7+/Myf5+ committed daughter cell (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of negative lineage-specific markers in FACS?

<p>To remove non-satellite cells from the sample (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the advantage of single myofiber isolation?

<p>It maintains the cell on the myofiber, preserving the niche (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of inducing muscle injury in some experiments?

<p>To study satellite cell activation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the advantage of bio-engineering approaches in studying satellite cells?

<p>They provide a more accurate representation of the in vivo environment (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of transplantation/engraftment assays?

<p>To assess muscle stem cell regenerative capacity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of Pax7 in identifying satellite cells?

<p>It is a nuclear marker used to identify quiescent satellite cells (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of using toxins in some experiments?

<p>To lyse the membrane and cause an inflammatory response (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the advantage of using VCAM as a surface marker?

<p>It is a general marker used to identify satellite cells (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of extrinsic and intrinsic signals in regulating satellite stem cell division?

<p>They regulate asymmetric satellite stem cell division (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of using siRNAs/drugs in transplantation/engraftment assays?

<p>To delete specific genes of interest (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which pathway regulates cell fate by interacting with cell surface receptors?

<p>WNT and Notch pathways (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of CARM1 in cell fate regulation?

<p>Suppressing Myf5 activation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does p38g regulation affect MyoD expression?

<p>It inhibits MyoD (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of mutating the S572 residue of CARM1 to an alanine residue?

<p>It increases nuclear localization of CARM1 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of p38y in satellite stem cell self-renewal?

<p>Preventing Myf5 activation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which experimental tool is used to identify protein complexes at the single-cell level?

<p>Proximity Ligation Assay (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of deleting p38-gamma on cell division?

<p>Increase in asymmetric divisions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of satellite stem cells in muscle homeostasis?

<p>Maintaining muscle regeneration (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do WNT and Notch pathways influence cell fate?

<p>Through cell surface receptors (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main role of the myogenic factor expression pathway?

<p>Controlling transcriptional and translational levels (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of macrophages in the regenerative response?

<p>Switch from M1 to M2 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which transcription factor is essential for satellite cell function?

<p>Pax7 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of MYOD in satellite cell activation and proliferation?

<p>Regulating myoblast proliferation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the fate of Pax7-null mice (Pax7-/-)?

<p>Die within 2 weeks of birth (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor indicates myogenic commitment and regulates myoblast proliferation?

<p>MYF5 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is satellite cell quiescence described as a ''reversible state where cells are not actively dividing''?

<p>To prevent spontaneous activation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cell has more stem-like properties within the satellite cell population?

<p>Pax7+/Myf5- cells (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of symmetric cell division in satellite stem cells?

<p>Promotes self-renewal (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do activated satellite cells need high migratory capacity?

<p>To reach the point of injury for repair (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of MRF4 in satellite cell differentiation?

<p>Promoting terminal differentiation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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