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Questions and Answers
What characterizes fusiform muscles?
What characterizes fusiform muscles?
Which muscle shape is described as having fascicles arranged in a circular manner?
Which muscle shape is described as having fascicles arranged in a circular manner?
Which of the following best describes a pennate muscle?
Which of the following best describes a pennate muscle?
How is the deltoid muscle categorized based on its shape?
How is the deltoid muscle categorized based on its shape?
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What does the term 'longus' indicate when used in muscle nomenclature?
What does the term 'longus' indicate when used in muscle nomenclature?
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Which of the following muscle shapes has a broad distribution of fascicles converging at a single tendon?
Which of the following muscle shapes has a broad distribution of fascicles converging at a single tendon?
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What type of muscle is characterized by fascicles running parallel to its long axis?
What type of muscle is characterized by fascicles running parallel to its long axis?
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The term 'biceps' refers to a muscle with how many heads?
The term 'biceps' refers to a muscle with how many heads?
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Which muscle is primarily responsible for closing the eyelids?
Which muscle is primarily responsible for closing the eyelids?
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Which muscle functions in facial expressions such as 'kissing'?
Which muscle functions in facial expressions such as 'kissing'?
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Which of the following muscles contributes to smiling?
Which of the following muscles contributes to smiling?
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What is the main action of the orbicularis oris muscle?
What is the main action of the orbicularis oris muscle?
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Which muscle is associated with nonverbal communication through facial expressions?
Which muscle is associated with nonverbal communication through facial expressions?
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Which muscle is primarily responsible for raising the upper lip?
Which muscle is primarily responsible for raising the upper lip?
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Which of these muscles is involved in frowning?
Which of these muscles is involved in frowning?
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Which muscle is responsible for protruding the lower lip?
Which muscle is responsible for protruding the lower lip?
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What is the primary action of the zygomaticus major muscle?
What is the primary action of the zygomaticus major muscle?
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Which muscle is primarily responsible for hip flexion?
Which muscle is primarily responsible for hip flexion?
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What is the primary action of the gastrocnemius muscle?
What is the primary action of the gastrocnemius muscle?
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Which muscle is responsible for tensing the skin of the forehead?
Which muscle is responsible for tensing the skin of the forehead?
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Which of the following muscles is NOT involved in hip adduction?
Which of the following muscles is NOT involved in hip adduction?
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Identify the muscle that primarily contributes to knee flexion.
Identify the muscle that primarily contributes to knee flexion.
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Which muscle is located on the anterior aspect of the lower leg?
Which muscle is located on the anterior aspect of the lower leg?
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Which muscle is primarily responsible for the frowning expression?
Which muscle is primarily responsible for the frowning expression?
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What is the primary function of the temporalis muscle?
What is the primary function of the temporalis muscle?
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Which muscles are involved in the process of mastication?
Which muscles are involved in the process of mastication?
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Which abdominal muscle is primarily responsible for providing strong anterior support to protect abdominal viscera?
Which abdominal muscle is primarily responsible for providing strong anterior support to protect abdominal viscera?
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Which of the following muscles assists in neck rotation?
Which of the following muscles assists in neck rotation?
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Which muscle is NOT a muscle of mastication?
Which muscle is NOT a muscle of mastication?
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Which muscle group is primarily responsible for flexing the vertebral column?
Which muscle group is primarily responsible for flexing the vertebral column?
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What is the role of the buccinator muscle?
What is the role of the buccinator muscle?
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Which muscle is located at the front of the neck and assists with head flexion?
Which muscle is located at the front of the neck and assists with head flexion?
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Which of the following muscles is NOT part of the pelvic floor?
Which of the following muscles is NOT part of the pelvic floor?
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Which muscles compose the pelvic diaphragm?
Which muscles compose the pelvic diaphragm?
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What shape does the perineum resemble?
What shape does the perineum resemble?
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Which muscle is NOT part of the SITS group?
Which muscle is NOT part of the SITS group?
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Which muscle primarily elevates the scapula?
Which muscle primarily elevates the scapula?
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Which of the following muscles is innervated by the radial nerve?
Which of the following muscles is innervated by the radial nerve?
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From which structure does the deltoid muscle originate?
From which structure does the deltoid muscle originate?
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Which muscle is responsible for pronation of the forearm?
Which muscle is responsible for pronation of the forearm?
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What role does the levator ani muscle play in the pelvic floor?
What role does the levator ani muscle play in the pelvic floor?
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Which of the following muscles is involved in flexion of the forearm?
Which of the following muscles is involved in flexion of the forearm?
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Which muscle group interacts with the scapula during arm movement?
Which muscle group interacts with the scapula during arm movement?
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Which muscle primarily assists in hip flexion and is also the longest muscle in the human body?
Which muscle primarily assists in hip flexion and is also the longest muscle in the human body?
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Which muscle is responsible for plantarflexion of the foot and is located at the back of the lower leg?
Which muscle is responsible for plantarflexion of the foot and is located at the back of the lower leg?
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Which of the following muscles is involved in both knee flexion and hip extension?
Which of the following muscles is involved in both knee flexion and hip extension?
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Which muscle is primarily involved in adduction of the thigh?
Which muscle is primarily involved in adduction of the thigh?
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Which of these muscles is located in the anterior compartment of the lower leg and plays a role in dorsiflexion?
Which of these muscles is located in the anterior compartment of the lower leg and plays a role in dorsiflexion?
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What characterizes a convergent muscle shape?
What characterizes a convergent muscle shape?
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Which of the following muscles is an example of a fusiform muscle?
Which of the following muscles is an example of a fusiform muscle?
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How are pennate muscles distinguished from other muscle shapes?
How are pennate muscles distinguished from other muscle shapes?
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Which term is used to describe a muscle with short fascicles that attach to a common tendon?
Which term is used to describe a muscle with short fascicles that attach to a common tendon?
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What does the term 'quadratus' in muscle nomenclature refer to?
What does the term 'quadratus' in muscle nomenclature refer to?
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Which type of muscle has fascicles that are oriented at an angle to the length of the muscle?
Which type of muscle has fascicles that are oriented at an angle to the length of the muscle?
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In muscle nomenclature, what does 'maximus' indicate?
In muscle nomenclature, what does 'maximus' indicate?
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Which prefix indicates the presence of multiple origins in muscle nomenclature?
Which prefix indicates the presence of multiple origins in muscle nomenclature?
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Which muscle is commonly referred to as the 'kissing' muscle?
Which muscle is commonly referred to as the 'kissing' muscle?
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What is the primary action of the corrugator supercilii muscle?
What is the primary action of the corrugator supercilii muscle?
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The mentalis muscle is responsible for which facial expression?
The mentalis muscle is responsible for which facial expression?
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Which muscle functions to close the eyelids?
Which muscle functions to close the eyelids?
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What action is primarily performed by the zygomaticus major muscle?
What action is primarily performed by the zygomaticus major muscle?
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Which muscle is tasked with elevating the upper eyelid?
Which muscle is tasked with elevating the upper eyelid?
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Which muscle helps in sneering?
Which muscle helps in sneering?
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The nasalis muscle is involved in which action?
The nasalis muscle is involved in which action?
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Which muscle primarily contributes to the action of frowning?
Which muscle primarily contributes to the action of frowning?
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Which muscle is responsible for the action of blowing air, like in a trumpet?
Which muscle is responsible for the action of blowing air, like in a trumpet?
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Which muscle is primarily responsible for flexing and rotating the vertebral column?
Which muscle is primarily responsible for flexing and rotating the vertebral column?
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What is the main action of the muscles of mastication?
What is the main action of the muscles of mastication?
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Which of the following muscles aids in elevating the scapula?
Which of the following muscles aids in elevating the scapula?
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Which muscle is NOT involved in mastication?
Which muscle is NOT involved in mastication?
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Which muscles form the pelvic diaphragm?
Which muscles form the pelvic diaphragm?
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Which muscles are responsible for the movement of head and neck rotation?
Which muscles are responsible for the movement of head and neck rotation?
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What shape does the perineum resemble?
What shape does the perineum resemble?
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Which of the following muscles is part of the SITS group?
Which of the following muscles is part of the SITS group?
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Which muscle forms the strong anterior support of the abdominal wall?
Which muscle forms the strong anterior support of the abdominal wall?
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What role do the pterygoid muscles play in facial anatomy?
What role do the pterygoid muscles play in facial anatomy?
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Which muscle primarily elevates the scapula?
Which muscle primarily elevates the scapula?
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Which of the following muscles is responsible for forearm flexion?
Which of the following muscles is responsible for forearm flexion?
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Which muscle is primarily responsible for pulling the lower lip downward?
Which muscle is primarily responsible for pulling the lower lip downward?
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Which muscle is NOT part of the upper limb muscles that moves the scapula?
Which muscle is NOT part of the upper limb muscles that moves the scapula?
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Which muscle is located in the anterior aspect of the neck and assists with head flexion?
Which muscle is located in the anterior aspect of the neck and assists with head flexion?
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Which abdominal muscle plays a critical role in holding abdominal contents and allowing for movement?
Which abdominal muscle plays a critical role in holding abdominal contents and allowing for movement?
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What action does the ischiocavernosus muscle primarily perform?
What action does the ischiocavernosus muscle primarily perform?
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Which muscle acts as a primary mover for shoulder extension and adduction?
Which muscle acts as a primary mover for shoulder extension and adduction?
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Which of the following muscles functions in the flexion of the wrist?
Which of the following muscles functions in the flexion of the wrist?
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From where does the deltoid muscle primarily originate?
From where does the deltoid muscle primarily originate?
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Study Notes
Muscle Shapes
-
Circular muscles are arranged in a circle around an opening and act as a sphincter to close the opening.
- Examples: orbicularis oris and orbicularis oculi
-
Convergent muscles have broadly distributed fascicles that join together at a single tendon, creating a triangular shape.
- Examples: pectoralis major and pectoralis minor
-
Parallel muscles have fascicles organized parallel to the long axis of the muscle, terminating on a flat tendon that spans the width of the entire muscle.
- Examples: rectus abdominis and rhomboideus
-
Pennate muscles have fascicles that emerge like the barbs on a feather from a common tendon.
- Unipennate: fascicles on one side of the tendon
- Bipennate: fascicles on two sides of the tendon
- Multipennate: fascicles arranged at many places around the central tendon
-
Fusiform muscles have fascicles that run the length of the muscle and taper at each end to terminate at the tendons.
- Examples: biceps brachii and gastrocnemius
Muscle Nomenclature
- Muscle names are based on several features:
- Location: pectoralis (chest), gluteus (buttock), brachial (arm)
- Size: gluteus maximus (largest muscle of the buttock), longus (long), brevis (short)
- Shape: deltoid (triangular), quadratus (quadrate, rectangular), teres (round)
- Orientation of fascicles: rectus (straight, parallel) - rectus abdominis, oblique (fascicles lie at an angle)
- Origin and Insertion: sternocleidomastoid (O: sternum and clavicle, I: mastoid process of the temporal bone), brachioradialis (O: brachium, I: radius)
- Number of heads: biceps (2 heads), triceps (3 heads)
- Function: abduction and adduction - adductor magnus, adductor longus
Muscles of the Head and Neck
-
Muscles of Facial Expression:
- Cutaneous muscles attached to skin
- Nonverbal communication
- Eyes:
- occipitofrontalis
- orbicularis oculi
- levator palpebrae superioris
- corrugator supercilii
-
Mouth:
- orbicularis oris ("kissing")
- buccinator ("kissing")
- zygomaticus major and minor ("smiling")
- levator anguli oris ("smiling")
- risorius ("smiling")
- levator labii superioris ("sneering")
- depressor anguli oris ("frowning")
- depressor labii inferioris ("frowning")
- mentalis ("frowning")
-
Nose:
- nasalis
-
Muscles of Mastication:
- Chewing = mastication
- Forcefully closing the mouth and grinding food
- Muscles include:
- temporalis
- masseter
- pterygoids
- hyoid muscles
- Procerus and temporalis muscles are connected to the skull and orbicularis oculi muscle is connected with the eyebrow.
- Masseter muscle connects the cheek and jaw and its prominent structure is visible on the side of the face.
- Orbicularis oris muscle is located in the lips/mouth area.
Muscles Moving the Head and Neck
-
Sternocleidomastoid muscle:
- O: sternum and clavicle
- I: mastoid process of the temporal bone
-
Splenius capitis muscle:
- O: upper part of the spine
- I: skull
-
Scalenus muscle:
- O: cervical vertebrae
- I: first two ribs
- Responsible for breathing
Muscles of the Trunk
-
Muscles of the Anterior Abdominal Wall:
- Involved in flexing and rotating the vertebral column
- Criss-cross layering provides a strong anterior wall protecting abdominal viscera
- Muscles include:
- rectus abdominis
- external oblique
- internal oblique
Muscles of the Pelvic Floor and Perineum
-
Pelvis
- A ring of bone with an inferior opening closed by a muscular wall.
- The anus and urogenital openings pass through this wall.
-
Pelvic Floor:
- Also known as the pelvic diaphragm.
- Composed of:
- coccygeus muscle
- levator ani muscle
-
Perineum:
- Diamond shaped region inferior to the pelvic diaphragm
- Divided into:
- Urogenital triangle
- Anal triangle
- Levator ani and coccygeus muscles support the pelvic organs and help to regulate bowel and bladder function.
Muscles of the Upper Extremities
-
Muscles that move the:
- Scapula
- Arm
- Forearm
- Hand
-
Important Muscles:
-
SITS: group of muscles
- Supraspinatus - O: supraspinous fossa of scapula; I: greater tubercle of humerus
- Infraspinatus - O: infraspinous fossa of scapula; I: greater tubercle of humerus
- Teres minor - O: lateral border of scapula; I: greater tubercle of humerus
- Subscapularis - O: subscapular fossa of scapula; I: lesser tubercle of humerus
- Deltoid - O: clavicle and scapula; I: humerus
- Pectoralis major - O: clavicle, sternum, ribs; I: humerus
- Latissimus dorsi - O: vertebrae, iliac crest; I: humerus
- Biceps brachii - O: scapula; I: radius
- Triceps brachii - O: scapula and humerus; I: ulna
-
Brachialis - O: humerus; I: ulna
- Brachioradialis - O: humerus; I: radius
-
SITS: group of muscles
Muscles of the Lower Extremities
-
Muscles that move the:
- Hip and thigh
- Leg
- Ankle, foot, and toes
-
Important Muscles:
-
Quadriceps Femoris:
- Rectus femoris -O: ilium, I: patella and tibia
- Vastus lateralis - O: femur, I: patella and tibia
- Vastus medialis - O: femur; I: patella and tibia
- Vastus intermedius - O: femur; I: patella and tibia
-
Hamstring:
- Biceps femoris - O: ischium and femur, I: fibula
- Semitendinosus - O: ischium, I: tibia
- Semimembranosus O: ischium, I: tibia
-
Gluteal Muscles:
- Gluteus maximus - O: ilium, sacrum, coccyx; I: femur
- Gluteus medius - O: ilium; I: femur
- Gluteus minimus - O: ilium, I: femur
- Sartorius muscle is the longest muscle in the body and is situated on the front of the thigh, running from the iliac spine to the medial condyle of tibia, crosses the front of the thigh, medial side and ends in the tibia.
- Gastrocnemius muscle is the major calf muscle, starts from femur and ends at the heel.
- Soleus muscle is situated in the calf, starts from tibia and fibula and ends at the heel.
-
Quadriceps Femoris:
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Description
Test your knowledge on the different shapes of muscles in the human body. This quiz covers various types of muscle fascicle arrangements, including circular, convergent, parallel, pennate, and fusiform muscles. Understand the characteristics and examples of each muscle type.
