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Questions and Answers
Which type of muscle tissue is responsible for conscious movement?
Which type of muscle tissue is responsible for conscious movement?
Smooth muscle is found in the heart.
Smooth muscle is found in the heart.
False (B)
What are myofibrils responsible for?
What are myofibrils responsible for?
Muscle contraction
The connective tissue that surrounds individual muscle cells is called the ______.
The connective tissue that surrounds individual muscle cells is called the ______.
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Match the following muscle types to their locations:
Match the following muscle types to their locations:
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What is the role of the H zone in a sarcomere?
What is the role of the H zone in a sarcomere?
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The I bands in a sarcomere are only composed of myosin filaments.
The I bands in a sarcomere are only composed of myosin filaments.
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What is the primary function of the sarcoplasmic reticulum in muscle fibers?
What is the primary function of the sarcoplasmic reticulum in muscle fibers?
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The thick filaments in a sarcomere are primarily composed of ______.
The thick filaments in a sarcomere are primarily composed of ______.
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Match the following structures to their descriptions:
Match the following structures to their descriptions:
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Flashcards
Types of Muscle
Types of Muscle
Three types: Skeletal, Cardiac, Smooth; each has unique functions and locations.
Skeletal Muscle
Skeletal Muscle
Muscle tissue that contracts consciously, found in major muscles like biceps.
Cardiac Muscle
Cardiac Muscle
Involuntary muscle found only in the heart, responsible for pumping blood.
Connective Tissues in Muscles
Connective Tissues in Muscles
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Myofibrils and Sarcomeres
Myofibrils and Sarcomeres
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A bands
A bands
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I bands
I bands
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M line
M line
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Sarcoplasmic Reticulum
Sarcoplasmic Reticulum
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Myosin
Myosin
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Study Notes
Unit 8: Muscle Physiology
- Unit 8 covers muscle physiology topics for the Spring 2024-2025 semester.
- The course schedule includes lectures and activities like Edpuzzle videos and practical exercises and assignments.
- The first lecture (01/23/2025) introduces muscle physiology.
Muscle Tissue Review
- Muscles are a primary tissue type.
- Three main types: skeletal, cardiac, and smooth.
- Skeletal muscle: responsible for voluntary muscle contractions, found in major body muscles like biceps and deltoids.
- Cardiac muscle: responsible for involuntary muscle contractions found only in the heart.
- Smooth muscle: responsible for involuntary muscle contractions, found in visceral organs (stomach, bladder), and multi-unit structures (large arteries).
Connective Tissues Organization
- Epimysium: the outer membrane of the muscle separating it from surrounding tissue.
- Perimysium: surrounds bundles of muscle fibers (fascicles) and contains blood vessels and nerve supplies to the fascicle.
- Endomysium: surrounds individual muscle cells (muscle fibers) and contains capillaries and nerve fibers.
Formation of Skeletal Muscle Fiber
- Skeletal muscle cells are called muscle fibers.
- Muscle fibers are very long.
- They develop through the fusion of mesodermal cells called myoblasts.
- Mature muscle fibers contain hundreds of nuclei.
Structure of Skeletal Muscle
- Skeletal muscles are composed of fascicles and muscle fibers.
- The sarcolemma is the cell membrane that surrounds muscle fibers.
- Myofibrils are rod-like organelles in muscle fibers responsible for muscle contraction.
Organization of Skeletal Muscle Fibers
- Myofibrils are the lengthwise subdivisions within muscle fibers.
- Sarcomeres: are functional units of myofibrils forming the striped/striated pattern.
- A bands: alternating dark, thick filaments composed of myosin.
- M line: center of A band.
- I bands: light, thin filaments composed of actin.
- Z lines: centers of I bands and at the 2 ends of a sarcomere.
- H zone: center of A band without thick or thin filament overlap.
Sarcoplasmic Reticulum
- A membranous structure that surrounds each myofibril.
- The sarcoplasmic reticulum stores calcium ions (Ca2+) that are crucial for muscle contractions.
Additional Topics
- Muscle Contraction: The process begins at the neuromuscular junction with an action potential. Acetylcholine triggers depolarization. The action potential travels down T tubules, releasing Ca2+ from the sarcoplasmic reticulum. Myosin heads attach to actin, causing the sliding filament model. Calcium release is stopped, filaments return to their resting position, and contraction ends.
- Muscle Fatigue: Muscle fatigue occurs due to overuse. This is caused by metabolic reserve depletion, low pH (lactic acid buildup), and muscle exhaustion/pain. Recovery time varies according to workout intensity (from an hour for moderate workouts to 3-5 days).
- Muscle Hypertrophy/Atrophy: Hypertrophy describes muscle growth from heavy training, increasing the number of myofibrils, and muscle fiber size; while atrophy is a loss of muscle due to lack of muscle activity, reducing size, tone, and power.
- Practice Exercises: The course schedule includes practice exercises ranging from labeling diagrams to filling-in activities to prepare students for the exam.
Additional details
- The course utilizes online resources, specifically videos from Crash Course on the subject, along with textbook readings from Krieger.
- Various supplementary activities including coloring pages, posters and quizzes are also part of the course activities.
- Exams will take place on specific dates.
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Description
Unit 8 covers crucial topics in muscle physiology for the Spring 2024-2025 semester. Explore the different types of muscle tissues: skeletal, cardiac, and smooth, along with their functions and organization within the body. This unit provides essential knowledge for understanding muscle tissue and its roles.
