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Questions and Answers
Which regulating protein is associated with smooth muscle?
What type of action potential does cardiac muscle exhibit?
What is the resting membrane potential (RMP) of smooth muscle?
Which type of muscle has an all-or-none law applicable to whole muscle (single unit) rather than single muscle fiber?
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Which feature is well developed in skeletal muscle but moderately developed in cardiac muscle?
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What is the source of Ca++ in contraction for skeletal muscle?
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Which type of nerve supply controls cardiac muscle?
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Which of the following muscles has the longest action potential duration?
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Which regulating protein is associated with cardiac muscle?
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What is the rate of contraction in smooth muscle compared to skeletal and cardiac muscles?
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Which structural feature is absent between skeletal muscle fibers?
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Which type of muscle exhibits autorhythmicity?
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Study Notes
Structural Features of Muscles
- Skeletal muscles have striations, branching fibers, and connections between fibers, with a very well-developed sarcoplasmic reticulum.
- Cardiac muscles have striations, no branching of fibers, and connections between fibers, with a moderately developed sarcoplasmic reticulum.
- Smooth muscles have no striations, no branching of fibers, and no connections between fibers, with an absent sarcoplasmic reticulum.
- Skeletal muscles are located in association with bones, cardiac muscles are in the heart, and smooth muscles are in the viscera.
Nerve Supply and Control
- Skeletal muscles have a somatic nerve supply and are under voluntary control, with functional connections present.
- Cardiac muscles have an autonomic nerve supply and are under involuntary control, with functional connections present in a single unit.
- Smooth muscles have an autonomic nerve supply and are under involuntary control, with no functional connections present.
Electrical and Mechanical Properties
- Skeletal muscles have a resting membrane potential (RMP) of -90 mV, a spike-shaped action potential, and a fast rate of contraction and relaxation.
- Cardiac muscles have an RMP of -90 mV, a plateau-shaped action potential, and a fast rate of contraction and relaxation.
- Smooth muscles have an RMP of -55 mV, a spike-shaped action potential, and a slow rate of contraction and relaxation.
- Autorhythmicity is present in cardiac muscles, but not in skeletal or smooth muscles.
- The source of calcium for contraction is extracellular fluid in all three types of muscles.
- Tetanus and fatigue are possible in skeletal muscles, but not in cardiac or smooth muscles.
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Description
Compare and contrast the structural features of skeletal, smooth, and cardiac muscles, including location, striations, and sarcoplasmic reticulum.
