Muscle Mechanics and Joint Movements

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Questions and Answers

What is the term for the muscle attached to an immovable bone?

origin

What is the name for the moveable end of a muscle?

insertion

What type of movement involves slipping movements only with no axis?

nonaxial movement

What type of synovial joint motion allows movement in one plane? (e.g., elbow)

uniaxial movement Signup and view all the answers

What type of synovial joint motion allows movement in two planes? (e.g., knuckle)

biaxial movement Signup and view all the answers

What type of synovial joint motion allows movement in three planes? (e.g., shoulder)

multiaxial movement Signup and view all the answers

What are three types of movement?

gliding, angular movements, and rotation Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of gliding?

Partially movable joint where bones slide over one another. Signup and view all the answers

What includes flexion and extension, abduction & adduction?

angular movements Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for circular movement around an axis?

rotation Signup and view all the answers

What is flexion?

Bending parts at a joint so that the angle between them decreases. Signup and view all the answers

What is extension?

The opposite of flexion; the angle between the articulating bones increases. Signup and view all the answers

What is hyperextension?

The extreme backward movement of the head. Signup and view all the answers

What is dorsiflexion?

Flexing the foot at the ankle toward the shin. Signup and view all the answers

What is plantar flexion?

Extension of the toes or foot so that they point downward. Signup and view all the answers

What does abduction refer to?

Moving away from the midline. Signup and view all the answers

What is lateral flexion?

Movement of the trunk sideways to the right or left at the waist. Signup and view all the answers

What is adduction?

Movement towards the midline. Signup and view all the answers

What is circumduction?

Moving a limb so that it describes a cone in space. Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for rotation of the hands and forearms so that the palms face upward?

supination Signup and view all the answers

What is pronation?

Rotation of the hands and forearms so that the palms face downward. Signup and view all the answers

What does inversion refer to?

Turning the sole of the foot inward. Signup and view all the answers

What is eversion?

Turning the sole of the foot outward. Signup and view all the answers

What is protraction?

Moving the mandible into a position anterior to normal. Signup and view all the answers

What is retraction?

Moving your jaw back into its original position. Signup and view all the answers

What is elevation?

Movement upward, as in shrugging the shoulders. Signup and view all the answers

What is depression?

Lowering a body part. Signup and view all the answers

What is opposition?

Movement of the thumb to touch the fingertips. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Key Terms and Definitions

Origin: Muscle attachment point on an immovable bone.
Insertion: Moveable end of a muscle allowing for action.

Synovial Joint Movement Types

Nonaxial Movement: Involves slipping movements without rotation around an axis.
Uniaxial Movement: Joint motion occurring in one plane, e.g., elbow flexion and extension.
Biaxial Movement: Joint motion permitted in two planes, e.g., knuckle movements.
Multiaxial Movement: Joint motion possible in three planes, e.g., shoulder movements.

Types of Movements

Gliding: Bones slide over one another at partially movable joints.
Angular Movements:
- Flexion: Decrease in the angle between bones, bringing them closer.
- Extension: Increase in the angle at a joint, straightening the limb.
- Hyperextension: Excessive backward movement causing possible injury.
- Abduction: Movement of a limb away from the midline of the body.
- Adduction: Movement of a limb towards the midline.
- Lateral Flexion: Sideways movement of the trunk at the waist.
- Circumduction: Movement where a limb traces a cone in space.

Rotational Movements

Rotation: Circular movement around an axis, common at hip and shoulder joints.
Supination: Rotation of the forearm so palms face upward.
Pronation: Rotation of the forearm so palms face downward.

Ankle and Foot Movements

Dorsiflexion: Flexing the foot at the ankle towards the shin.
Plantar Flexion: Pointing the toes or foot downward.
Inversion: Turning the sole of the foot inward.
Eversion: Turning the sole of the foot outward.

Jaw and Shoulder Movements

Protraction: Moving the mandible forward.
Retraction: Moving the jaw back to its original position.
Elevation: Upward movement, such as shrugging shoulders.
Depression: Lowering a body part.
Opposition: Thumb movement to touch fingertips, characteristic of saddle joints.

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Description

Test your knowledge on key terms and definitions related to muscle mechanics and various types of synovial joint movements. This quiz covers important concepts such as origins, insertions, and different types of movements, including flexion and extension. Ideal for students studying anatomy and physiology.