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Questions and Answers
Muscle length testing is used to assess for limitations of ROM (shortened muscles) and excessive movement, ultimately, we are assessing ______
Muscle length testing is used to assess for limitations of ROM (shortened muscles) and excessive movement, ultimately, we are assessing ______
flexibility
Muscle strength testing is used to determine the client’s ability to contract a muscle or muscle groups voluntarily. It tests the nerve motor nerve supply to the muscles and their ability to sustain contraction. A myotome tests a group of muscles that are innervated by a specific spinal nerve. These are tested by performing isometric resisted tests of a general action that the group of muscles share in common. Therapist protocol: Ask the client to sit/stand/lie down depending on the area being tested. Resist range of motion associated with nerve root of concern for 3-5 seconds. Positive: weakness with or without pain. Clinical Impression: Weakness possibly due to nerve root lesion or peripheral nerve injury. Myotome test for upper extremity: Neck flexion - C1-C2, Neck lateral flexion - C3, shoulder elevation - C4, Shoulder abduction - C5, Elbow flexion, wrist extension - C6, Elbow extension, wrist flexion - C7, Thumb extension, ulnar deviation - C8, Hand intrinsics - T1. Myotome test for lower extremity: L2 Hip flexion, L3 Knee extension, L4 Ankle dorsiflexion, L5 Great toe extension, S1 Ankle plantarflexion, eversion and hip extension, S2 Knee extension. A dermatome tests an area of skin innervated by a single nerve ______
Muscle strength testing is used to determine the client’s ability to contract a muscle or muscle groups voluntarily. It tests the nerve motor nerve supply to the muscles and their ability to sustain contraction. A myotome tests a group of muscles that are innervated by a specific spinal nerve. These are tested by performing isometric resisted tests of a general action that the group of muscles share in common. Therapist protocol: Ask the client to sit/stand/lie down depending on the area being tested. Resist range of motion associated with nerve root of concern for 3-5 seconds. Positive: weakness with or without pain. Clinical Impression: Weakness possibly due to nerve root lesion or peripheral nerve injury. Myotome test for upper extremity: Neck flexion - C1-C2, Neck lateral flexion - C3, shoulder elevation - C4, Shoulder abduction - C5, Elbow flexion, wrist extension - C6, Elbow extension, wrist flexion - C7, Thumb extension, ulnar deviation - C8, Hand intrinsics - T1. Myotome test for lower extremity: L2 Hip flexion, L3 Knee extension, L4 Ankle dorsiflexion, L5 Great toe extension, S1 Ankle plantarflexion, eversion and hip extension, S2 Knee extension. A dermatome tests an area of skin innervated by a single nerve ______
root
Muscle length testing is used to assess for limitations of ______ (shortened muscles) and excessive movement
Muscle length testing is used to assess for limitations of ______ (shortened muscles) and excessive movement
ROM
Muscle strength testing is used to determine the client’s ability to contract a muscle or muscle groups ______
Muscle strength testing is used to determine the client’s ability to contract a muscle or muscle groups ______
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Myotome test for upper extremity: Shoulder ______ - C4
Myotome test for upper extremity: Shoulder ______ - C4
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Myotome test for lower extremity: L4 Ankle ______
Myotome test for lower extremity: L4 Ankle ______
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Therapist Protocol: Instruct client to Sit – cervical dermatomes and thoracic dermatomes Lie in prone/supine – lumbar/sacral dermatomes Ask client to close eyes, and test both dermatomes bilaterally simultaneously.Enquire about sensation – is it even? Altered? Painful? If there is altered sensation, using a reflex hammer show them the difference between a dull sensation and a sharp sensation. Ask client to close their eyes and have them differentiate between the sharp end or the dull end by tapping the affected area with the reflex hammer. Positive – uneven sensation, painful sensation, burning, tingling, numbness, etc...Faculty of Massage Therapy Bryan College Revised: November 2023 MT-CL20-SM-11 Page 78 of 82 Clinical Impression Altered sensation possibly due to nerve root or peripheral nerve injury
Therapist Protocol: Instruct client to Sit – cervical dermatomes and thoracic dermatomes Lie in prone/supine – lumbar/sacral dermatomes Ask client to close eyes, and test both dermatomes bilaterally simultaneously.Enquire about sensation – is it even? Altered? Painful? If there is altered sensation, using a reflex hammer show them the difference between a dull sensation and a sharp sensation. Ask client to close their eyes and have them differentiate between the sharp end or the dull end by tapping the affected area with the reflex hammer. Positive – uneven sensation, painful sensation, burning, tingling, numbness, etc...Faculty of Massage Therapy Bryan College Revised: November 2023 MT-CL20-SM-11 Page 78 of 82 Clinical Impression Altered sensation possibly due to nerve root or peripheral nerve injury
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Altered sensation possibly due to nerve root or peripheral nerve injury Dermatome test for upper extremity C1 Vertex of skull C2 Temple, forehead, occiput C3 Entire neck, posterior cheek, temporal area, forward under mandible C4 Shoulder area, clavicular area, upper scapular area C5 Deltoid area, anterolateral limb to base of thumb C6 Lateral limb, radial side of hand, thumb anterior and posterior and index finger C7 Posterior limb up to and including index, ring fingers and middle finger anterior and posterior C8 Medial limb up to and including to middle, ring, and little finger anterior and posterior T1 Anteromedial limb to base of little finger T2 Medial upper arm, axilla pectoral and mid scapular areas Dermatome test for lower extremity L1 Back, over trochanter, groin L2 Back, anterior thigh to knee L3 Back, upper buttock, anterior thigh and knee, medial lower leg L4 Medial buttock, lateral thigh, medial leg, dorsum of foot, big toe L5 Buttock, posterior lateral thigh, lateral aspect of leg, dorsum of foot, medial half of sole and first, second and third toes S1 Buttock, posterior thigh and lower leg S2 Buttock, posterior thigh and lower leg S3 Groin, medial thigh to knee S4 Perineum, genitals, lower sacrum Deep tendon reflexes, more properly referred to as muscle stretch reflexes, and an integral part of the neurological examination A stretch reflex is an involuntary reaction of a muscle to being passively stretched by the percussion of a tendon Although the reflex has a sensory and motor component, deep tendon reflex testing primarily assesses the integrity of the motor system This reflex provides information on upper and lower motor neurons In its simplest form, the quick stretch of the muscle-tendon unit stimulates the muscle spindle receptors which, in turn increases the firing of afferents from the spindles These afferents enter the spinal cord segmentally by the dorsal roots and monosynaptically facilitate motor neurons that supply the muscle causing the muscle to contract Protocol: The extremity being tested should be in a relaxed position A quick, precise tap on the tendon with a reflex hammer should elicit the response It is important to use the lightest force possible to bring out the reflex and to be consistent from side to side Grading Scale: In general, the grades are as follows: 1+ = present but depressed 2+ = normal / average 3+ = increased 4+ = clonus Stretch Reflex (Deed Tendon Reflex) Biceps - Nerve Root C5 Brachioradialis - Nerve Root C6 Triceps - Nerve Root C7 Patellar - Nerve Root L4 Achilles - Nerve Root S1 Medial hamstring - Nerve Root L5-S1 Orthopedic assessment works by what would be called “stress and assess” The orthopedic test procedure ad a physical stress to the client’s body If the structure to which the stress is added is healthy, the client will feel no pain These tests are designed to recreate specific symptoms They help us formulate clinical impressions and rule in certain pathologies Orthopedic definition: Relating to the branch of medicine dealing with the correction and deformities of bones or muscles Red Flags A red flag is a finding in a patient’s history/assessment that indicates the need for referral to a physician
Altered sensation possibly due to nerve root or peripheral nerve injury Dermatome test for upper extremity C1 Vertex of skull C2 Temple, forehead, occiput C3 Entire neck, posterior cheek, temporal area, forward under mandible C4 Shoulder area, clavicular area, upper scapular area C5 Deltoid area, anterolateral limb to base of thumb C6 Lateral limb, radial side of hand, thumb anterior and posterior and index finger C7 Posterior limb up to and including index, ring fingers and middle finger anterior and posterior C8 Medial limb up to and including to middle, ring, and little finger anterior and posterior T1 Anteromedial limb to base of little finger T2 Medial upper arm, axilla pectoral and mid scapular areas Dermatome test for lower extremity L1 Back, over trochanter, groin L2 Back, anterior thigh to knee L3 Back, upper buttock, anterior thigh and knee, medial lower leg L4 Medial buttock, lateral thigh, medial leg, dorsum of foot, big toe L5 Buttock, posterior lateral thigh, lateral aspect of leg, dorsum of foot, medial half of sole and first, second and third toes S1 Buttock, posterior thigh and lower leg S2 Buttock, posterior thigh and lower leg S3 Groin, medial thigh to knee S4 Perineum, genitals, lower sacrum Deep tendon reflexes, more properly referred to as muscle stretch reflexes, and an integral part of the neurological examination A stretch reflex is an involuntary reaction of a muscle to being passively stretched by the percussion of a tendon Although the reflex has a sensory and motor component, deep tendon reflex testing primarily assesses the integrity of the motor system This reflex provides information on upper and lower motor neurons In its simplest form, the quick stretch of the muscle-tendon unit stimulates the muscle spindle receptors which, in turn increases the firing of afferents from the spindles These afferents enter the spinal cord segmentally by the dorsal roots and monosynaptically facilitate motor neurons that supply the muscle causing the muscle to contract Protocol: The extremity being tested should be in a relaxed position A quick, precise tap on the tendon with a reflex hammer should elicit the response It is important to use the lightest force possible to bring out the reflex and to be consistent from side to side Grading Scale: In general, the grades are as follows: 1+ = present but depressed 2+ = normal / average 3+ = increased 4+ = clonus Stretch Reflex (Deed Tendon Reflex) Biceps - Nerve Root C5 Brachioradialis - Nerve Root C6 Triceps - Nerve Root C7 Patellar - Nerve Root L4 Achilles - Nerve Root S1 Medial hamstring - Nerve Root L5-S1 Orthopedic assessment works by what would be called “stress and assess” The orthopedic test procedure ad a physical stress to the client’s body If the structure to which the stress is added is healthy, the client will feel no pain These tests are designed to recreate specific symptoms They help us formulate clinical impressions and rule in certain pathologies Orthopedic definition: Relating to the branch of medicine dealing with the correction and deformities of bones or muscles Red Flags A red flag is a finding in a patient’s history/assessment that indicates the need for referral to a physician
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A stretch reflex is an involuntary reaction of a muscle to being passively stretched by the percussion of a ______. Although the reflex has a sensory and motor component, deep tendon reflex testing primarily assesses the integrity of the motor system This reflex provides information on upper and lower motor ______. In its simplest form, the quick stretch of the muscle-tendon unit stimulates the muscle spindle receptors which, in turn increases the firing of afferents from the spindles These afferents enter the spinal cord segmentally by the dorsal roots and monosynaptically facilitate motor neurons that supply the muscle causing the muscle to contract Protocol: The extremity being tested should be in a relaxed position A quick, precise tap on the tendon with a reflex hammer should elicit the response It is important to use the lightest force possible to bring out the reflex and to be consistent from side to side Grading Scale: In general, the grades are as follows: 1+ = present but depressed 2+ = normal / average 3+ = increased 4+ = clonus Stretch Reflex (Deed Tendon Reflex) Biceps - Nerve Root C5 Brachioradialis - Nerve Root C6 Triceps - Nerve Root C7 Patellar - Nerve Root L4 Achilles - Nerve Root S1 Medial hamstring - Nerve Root L5-S1
A stretch reflex is an involuntary reaction of a muscle to being passively stretched by the percussion of a ______. Although the reflex has a sensory and motor component, deep tendon reflex testing primarily assesses the integrity of the motor system This reflex provides information on upper and lower motor ______. In its simplest form, the quick stretch of the muscle-tendon unit stimulates the muscle spindle receptors which, in turn increases the firing of afferents from the spindles These afferents enter the spinal cord segmentally by the dorsal roots and monosynaptically facilitate motor neurons that supply the muscle causing the muscle to contract Protocol: The extremity being tested should be in a relaxed position A quick, precise tap on the tendon with a reflex hammer should elicit the response It is important to use the lightest force possible to bring out the reflex and to be consistent from side to side Grading Scale: In general, the grades are as follows: 1+ = present but depressed 2+ = normal / average 3+ = increased 4+ = clonus Stretch Reflex (Deed Tendon Reflex) Biceps - Nerve Root C5 Brachioradialis - Nerve Root C6 Triceps - Nerve Root C7 Patellar - Nerve Root L4 Achilles - Nerve Root S1 Medial hamstring - Nerve Root L5-S1
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Muscle length testing is used to assess for limitations of ROM (shortened muscles) and excessive movement, ultimately, we are assessing ______
Muscle length testing is used to assess for limitations of ROM (shortened muscles) and excessive movement, ultimately, we are assessing ______
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Muscle length testing is used to assess for limitations of ______ (shortened muscles) and excessive movement
Muscle length testing is used to assess for limitations of ______ (shortened muscles) and excessive movement
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Muscle strength testing is used to determine the client’s ability to contract a muscle or muscle groups ______
Muscle strength testing is used to determine the client’s ability to contract a muscle or muscle groups ______
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Myotome test for upper extremity: Shoulder ______ - C4
Myotome test for upper extremity: Shoulder ______ - C4
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Myotome test for lower extremity: L4 Ankle ______
Myotome test for lower extremity: L4 Ankle ______
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A dermatome tests an area of skin innervated by a single nerve ______
A dermatome tests an area of skin innervated by a single nerve ______
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The therapist protocol instructs the client to lie in prone/supine to assess the lumbar/sacral ______
The therapist protocol instructs the client to lie in prone/supine to assess the lumbar/sacral ______
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A stretch reflex is an involuntary reaction of a muscle to being passively stretched by the percussion of a ______
A stretch reflex is an involuntary reaction of a muscle to being passively stretched by the percussion of a ______
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Deep tendon reflex testing primarily assesses the integrity of the ______ system
Deep tendon reflex testing primarily assesses the integrity of the ______ system
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The quick stretch of the muscle-tendon unit stimulates the muscle spindle receptors which increases the firing of afferents from the ______
The quick stretch of the muscle-tendon unit stimulates the muscle spindle receptors which increases the firing of afferents from the ______
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Orthopedic assessment works by 'stress and assess', adding physical stress to the client’s body to recreate specific ______
Orthopedic assessment works by 'stress and assess', adding physical stress to the client’s body to recreate specific ______
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The orthopedic test procedure aims to help formulate clinical impressions and rule in certain ______
The orthopedic test procedure aims to help formulate clinical impressions and rule in certain ______
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A red flag in a patient’s history/assessment indicates the need for referral to a ______
A red flag in a patient’s history/assessment indicates the need for referral to a ______
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Myotome test for upper extremity: Shoulder ______ - C4
Myotome test for upper extremity: Shoulder ______ - C4
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Myotome test for lower extremity: L4 Ankle ______
Myotome test for lower extremity: L4 Ankle ______
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Myotome test for upper extremity: Elbow flexion, wrist extension - ______
Myotome test for upper extremity: Elbow flexion, wrist extension - ______
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Myotome test for upper extremity: Elbow flexion, wrist extension - ______
Myotome test for upper extremity: Elbow flexion, wrist extension - ______
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The therapist protocol instructs the client to lie in prone/supine to assess the lumbar/sacral ______
The therapist protocol instructs the client to lie in prone/supine to assess the lumbar/sacral ______
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Myotome test for lower extremity: L4 Ankle ______
Myotome test for lower extremity: L4 Ankle ______
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A dermatome tests an area of skin innervated by a single nerve ______
A dermatome tests an area of skin innervated by a single nerve ______
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A stretch reflex is an involuntary reaction of a muscle to being passively stretched by the percussion of a ______
A stretch reflex is an involuntary reaction of a muscle to being passively stretched by the percussion of a ______
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Orthopedic assessment works by 'stress and assess', adding physical stress to the client’s body to recreate specific ______
Orthopedic assessment works by 'stress and assess', adding physical stress to the client’s body to recreate specific ______
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The therapist protocol instructs the client to lie in prone/supine to assess the lumbar/sacral ______
The therapist protocol instructs the client to lie in prone/supine to assess the lumbar/sacral ______
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A red flag in a patient’s history/assessment indicates the need for referral to a ______
A red flag in a patient’s history/assessment indicates the need for referral to a ______
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Orthopedic assessment works by 'stress and assess', adding physical stress to the client’s body to recreate specific ______
Orthopedic assessment works by 'stress and assess', adding physical stress to the client’s body to recreate specific ______
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The orthopedic test procedure aims to help formulate clinical impressions and rule in certain ______
The orthopedic test procedure aims to help formulate clinical impressions and rule in certain ______
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The quick stretch of the muscle-tendon unit stimulates the muscle spindle receptors which increases the firing of afferents from the ______
The quick stretch of the muscle-tendon unit stimulates the muscle spindle receptors which increases the firing of afferents from the ______
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A dermatome tests an area of skin innervated by a single nerve ______
A dermatome tests an area of skin innervated by a single nerve ______
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Muscle length testing is used to assess for limitations of ______ (shortened muscles) and excessive movement
Muscle length testing is used to assess for limitations of ______ (shortened muscles) and excessive movement
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Deep tendon reflex testing primarily assesses the integrity of the ______ system
Deep tendon reflex testing primarily assesses the integrity of the ______ system
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Muscle strength testing is used to determine the client’s ability to contract a muscle or muscle groups ______
Muscle strength testing is used to determine the client’s ability to contract a muscle or muscle groups ______
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Myotome test for upper extremity: Shoulder ______ - C4
Myotome test for upper extremity: Shoulder ______ - C4
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Myotome test for upper extremity: Elbow extension, wrist flexion - ______
Myotome test for upper extremity: Elbow extension, wrist flexion - ______
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Dermatome test for upper extremity: C5 Deltoid area, anterolateral limb to base of ______
Dermatome test for upper extremity: C5 Deltoid area, anterolateral limb to base of ______
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Stretch Reflex (Deep Tendon Reflex) Biceps - Nerve Root ______
Stretch Reflex (Deep Tendon Reflex) Biceps - Nerve Root ______
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Muscle strength testing is used to determine the client’s ability to contract a muscle or muscle groups ______
Muscle strength testing is used to determine the client’s ability to contract a muscle or muscle groups ______
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A dermatome tests an area of skin innervated by a single nerve ______
A dermatome tests an area of skin innervated by a single nerve ______
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Myotome test for lower extremity: S2 Knee ______
Myotome test for lower extremity: S2 Knee ______
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Myotome test for upper extremity: Elbow extension, wrist flexion - ______
Myotome test for upper extremity: Elbow extension, wrist flexion - ______
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Dermatome test for upper extremity: C5 Deltoid area, anterolateral limb to base of ______
Dermatome test for upper extremity: C5 Deltoid area, anterolateral limb to base of ______
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A dermatome tests an area of skin innervated by a single nerve ______
A dermatome tests an area of skin innervated by a single nerve ______
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The orthopedic test procedure aims to help formulate clinical impressions and rule in certain ______
The orthopedic test procedure aims to help formulate clinical impressions and rule in certain ______
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Myotome test for lower extremity: L4 Ankle ______
Myotome test for lower extremity: L4 Ankle ______
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Deep tendon reflex testing primarily assesses the integrity of the ______ system
Deep tendon reflex testing primarily assesses the integrity of the ______ system
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Myotome test for upper extremity: Elbow extension, wrist flexion - ______
Myotome test for upper extremity: Elbow extension, wrist flexion - ______
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Myotome test for lower extremity: L4 Ankle ______
Myotome test for lower extremity: L4 Ankle ______
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A red flag in a patient’s history/assessment indicates the need for referral to a ______
A red flag in a patient’s history/assessment indicates the need for referral to a ______
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Myotome test for upper extremity: Elbow extension, wrist flexion - ______
Myotome test for upper extremity: Elbow extension, wrist flexion - ______
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Muscle length testing is used to assess for limitations of ______ (shortened muscles) and excessive movement
Muscle length testing is used to assess for limitations of ______ (shortened muscles) and excessive movement
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Myotome test for upper extremity: Shoulder ______ - C4
Myotome test for upper extremity: Shoulder ______ - C4
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Myotome test for upper extremity: Elbow flexion, wrist extension - ______
Myotome test for upper extremity: Elbow flexion, wrist extension - ______
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Myotome test for lower extremity: L4 Ankle ______
Myotome test for lower extremity: L4 Ankle ______
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Dermatome test for upper extremity: C5 Deltoid area, anterolateral limb to base of ______
Dermatome test for upper extremity: C5 Deltoid area, anterolateral limb to base of ______
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Myotome test for upper extremity: Shoulder ______ - C4
Myotome test for upper extremity: Shoulder ______ - C4
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The therapist protocol instructs the client to lie in prone/supine to assess the lumbar/sacral ______
The therapist protocol instructs the client to lie in prone/supine to assess the lumbar/sacral ______
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A stretch reflex is an involuntary reaction of a muscle to being passively stretched by the percussion of a ______
A stretch reflex is an involuntary reaction of a muscle to being passively stretched by the percussion of a ______
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Study Notes
Therapist Protocol for Dermatome Testing
- Instruct client to sit for cervical and thoracic dermatomes, or lie in prone/supine for lumbar/sacral dermatomes
- Ask client to close eyes and test both dermatomes bilaterally simultaneously
- Enquire about sensation - is it even? Altered? Painful?
- If altered sensation, use reflex hammer to demonstrate difference between dull and sharp sensations
- Positive result: uneven sensation, painful sensation, burning, tingling, numbness, etc.
Dermatome Tests for Upper and Lower Extremities
- C1: Vertex of skull
- C2: Temple, forehead, occiput
- C3: Entire neck, posterior cheek, temporal area, forward under mandible
- C4: Shoulder area, clavicular area, upper scapular area
- C5: Deltoid area, anterolateral limb to base of thumb
- C6: Lateral limb, radial side of hand, thumb anterior and posterior and index finger
- C7: Posterior limb up to and including index, ring fingers and middle finger anterior and posterior
- C8: Medial limb up to and including to middle, ring, and little finger anterior and posterior
- T1: Anteromedial limb to base of little finger
- T2: Medial upper arm, axilla pectoral and mid scapular areas
- L1: Back, over trochanter, groin
- L2: Back, anterior thigh to knee
- L3: Back, upper buttock, anterior thigh and knee, medial lower leg
- L4: Medial buttock, lateral thigh, medial leg, dorsum of foot, big toe
- L5: Buttock, posterior lateral thigh, lateral aspect of leg, dorsum of foot, medial half of sole and first, second and third toes
- S1: Buttock, posterior thigh and lower leg
- S2: Buttock, posterior thigh and lower leg
- S3: Groin, medial thigh to knee
- S4: Perineum, genitals, lower sacrum
Deep Tendon Reflexes
- Test muscle stretch reflexes, primarily assesses motor system integrity
- Provides information on upper and lower motor neurons
- Protocol: extremity in relaxed position, quick and precise tap on tendon with reflex hammer
- Grading Scale: 1+ = present but depressed, 2+ = normal/average, 3+ = increased, 4+ = clonus
- Stretch Reflex (Deep Tendon Reflex): Biceps - Nerve Root C5, Brachioradialis - Nerve Root C6, Triceps - Nerve Root C7, Patellar - Nerve Root L4, Achilles - Nerve Root S1, Medial hamstring - Nerve Root L5-S1
Orthopedic Assessment and Red Flags
- Orthopedic test procedure applies physical stress to client's body
- Tests designed to recreate specific symptoms and help formulate clinical impressions
- Red Flag: finding in patient's history/assessment that indicates need for referral to a physician
Muscle Length Testing and Muscle Strength Testing
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Muscle length testing: assess for limitations of ROM, excessive movement, and flexibility
-
Muscle strength testing: determines client's ability to contract muscle or muscle groups voluntarily
-
Myotome tests group of muscles innervated by specific spinal nerve
-
Therapist protocol: ask client to sit/stand/lie down depending on area being tested, resist range of motion associated with nerve root of concern for 3-5 seconds
-
Positive result: weakness with or without pain, clinical impression: weakness possibly due to nerve root lesion or peripheral nerve injury### Myotome Test for Upper Extremity
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Neck flexion - C1-C2
-
Neck lateral flexion - C3
-
Shoulder elevation - C4
-
Shoulder abduction - C5
-
Elbow flexion, wrist extension - C6
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Elbow extension, wrist flexion - C7
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Thumb extension, ulnar deviation - C8
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Hand intrinsics - T1
Myotome Test for Lower Extremity
- Hip flexion - L2
- Knee extension - L3
- Ankle dorsiflexion - L4
- Great toe extension - L5
- Ankle plantarflexion, eversion and hip extension - S1
- Knee extension - S2
Dermatome Test for Upper Extremity
- Vertex of skull - C1
- Temple, forehead, occiput - C2
- Entire neck, posterior cheek, temporal area, forward under mandible - C3
- Shoulder area, clavicular area, upper scapular area - C4
- Deltoid area, anterolateral limb to base of thumb - C5
- Lateral limb, radial side of hand, thumb anterior and posterior and index finger - C6
- Posterior limb up to and including index, ring fingers and middle finger anterior and posterior - C7
- Medial limb up to and including to middle, ring, and little finger anterior and posterior - C8
- Anteromedial limb to base of little finger - T1
- Medial upper arm, axilla pectoral and mid scapular areas - T2
Dermatome Test for Lower Extremity
- Back, over trochanter, groin - L1
- Back, anterior thigh to knee - L2
- Back, upper buttock, anterior thigh and knee, medial lower leg - L3
- Medial buttock, lateral thigh, medial leg, dorsum of foot, big toe - L4
- Buttock, posterior lateral thigh, lateral aspect of leg, dorsum of foot, medial half of sole and first, second and third toes - L5
- Buttock, posterior thigh and lower leg - S1
- Buttock, posterior thigh and lower leg - S2
- Groin, medial thigh to knee - S3
- Perineum, genitals, lower sacrum - S4
Grading Scale
- 1+ = present but depressed
- 2+ = normal / average
- 3+ = increased
- 4+ = clonus
Stretch Reflex (Deed Tendon Reflex)
- Biceps - Nerve Root C5
- Brachioradialis - Nerve Root C6
- Triceps - Nerve Root C7
- Patellar - Nerve Root L4
- Achilles - Nerve Root S1
- Medial hamstring - Nerve Root L5-S1
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Description
Test your knowledge on assessing muscle length and strength through various testing methods. Learn about how to identify limitations in range of motion and evaluate muscle contraction ability. This quiz covers topics related to muscle flexibility and nerve motor supply.
