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Questions and Answers
Which muscle is primarily responsible for elevating the eyebrows?
Which muscle is primarily responsible for elevating the eyebrows?
Which muscle is essential for actions such as chewing, drinking, and breathing?
Which muscle is essential for actions such as chewing, drinking, and breathing?
When the masseter contracts, what action does it perform?
When the masseter contracts, what action does it perform?
What is the origin site of the sternocleidomastoid muscle?
What is the origin site of the sternocleidomastoid muscle?
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Which muscle acts as the prime mover for flexing the hip and stabilizing the trunk?
Which muscle acts as the prime mover for flexing the hip and stabilizing the trunk?
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Which muscle is primarily utilized for executing a forward thrust or throwing motion?
Which muscle is primarily utilized for executing a forward thrust or throwing motion?
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Which muscle assists in the lifting of the body during activities like stair climbing?
Which muscle assists in the lifting of the body during activities like stair climbing?
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Which muscle acts as an antagonist to the pectoralis major?
Which muscle acts as an antagonist to the pectoralis major?
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What process occurs during muscle contraction where actin and myosin slide past each other?
What process occurs during muscle contraction where actin and myosin slide past each other?
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Which steps are involved in muscle relaxation?
Which steps are involved in muscle relaxation?
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What defines the action potential in muscle contraction?
What defines the action potential in muscle contraction?
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What describes the recovery stroke in muscle contraction?
What describes the recovery stroke in muscle contraction?
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Which term differentiates muscle contractions that result in a change in muscle length from those that do not?
Which term differentiates muscle contractions that result in a change in muscle length from those that do not?
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What is the role of zygomaticus muscles?
What is the role of zygomaticus muscles?
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What advantage does aerobic respiration provide during exercise?
What advantage does aerobic respiration provide during exercise?
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What occurs during a muscle twitch?
What occurs during a muscle twitch?
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Which muscles abduct the femur, assisting in shifting body weight during walking?
Which muscles abduct the femur, assisting in shifting body weight during walking?
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Which thigh adductor muscle also aids in flexing the knee?
Which thigh adductor muscle also aids in flexing the knee?
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Which muscle is predominantly involved in the action of crossing the legs?
Which muscle is predominantly involved in the action of crossing the legs?
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Which combination of muscles is primarily engaged when shooting a ball?
Which combination of muscles is primarily engaged when shooting a ball?
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Identify the anterior muscles of the lower leg.
Identify the anterior muscles of the lower leg.
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Which muscle is responsible for dorsiflexing the foot and preventing toe scuffing during walking?
Which muscle is responsible for dorsiflexing the foot and preventing toe scuffing during walking?
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Which muscle group primarily assists in flexing the hip joint?
Which muscle group primarily assists in flexing the hip joint?
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Which of the following muscles are best known for their involvement in generating force during sprinting?
Which of the following muscles are best known for their involvement in generating force during sprinting?
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Which of the following is the primary function of muscles in relation to glucose?
Which of the following is the primary function of muscles in relation to glucose?
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What structure in muscle fibers carries electrical impulses from the sarcolemma?
What structure in muscle fibers carries electrical impulses from the sarcolemma?
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Which statement is correct regarding muscle fibers?
Which statement is correct regarding muscle fibers?
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What constitutes the structure of thick and thin filaments in muscle fibers?
What constitutes the structure of thick and thin filaments in muscle fibers?
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Which statement about I bands is accurate?
Which statement about I bands is accurate?
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What is the role of acetylcholinesterase in muscle function?
What is the role of acetylcholinesterase in muscle function?
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Muscles primarily rely on which process when oxygen is scarce?
Muscles primarily rely on which process when oxygen is scarce?
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What best describes resting membrane potential in skeletal muscle?
What best describes resting membrane potential in skeletal muscle?
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Study Notes
Muscle Function
- Muscles absorb glucose for ATP production and glycolysis
- Muscle fiber is a muscle cell
- Myofibrils are bundles of myofilaments (actin and myosin)
- Thick filaments are composed of myosin, thin filaments are composed of actin
- I bands consist of thin filaments
- Motor unit is one motor neuron and all muscle fibers it supplies
- Neuromuscular junction is the connection between a nerve fiber and a muscle fiber
- Acetylcholinesterase breaks down acetylcholine to stop muscle stimulation
- Anaerobic respiration occurs when oxygen is unavailable (e.g., intense exercise)
Membrane Potential and Muscle Excitation
- Resting membrane potential is the difference in charge across the plasma membrane at rest
- The resting membrane potential of skeletal muscle is -90 mV
- Excitation, contraction, and relaxation are the steps in muscle activity
- Muscle excitation involves release of acetylcholine, depolarization of the sarcolemma, and binding of calcium to troponin
- Muscle contraction involves binding of myosin heads to actin and power stroke pulling actin
Muscle Relaxation
- Muscle relaxation involves reuptake of calcium into the sarcoplasmic reticulum
- The sliding filament mechanism describes the process of muscle contraction where actin and myosin slide past each other
- Aerobic respiration yields 30 ATP per glucose and requires oxygen (e.g., running)
- Power stroke refers to myosin head binding to actin, while recovery stroke refers to detachment
- Muscle twitch is a quick contraction in response to a stimulus, muscle tension is the force generated
- Isotonic contraction involves muscle length change, isometric contraction involves no change in length
- Biceps brachii flexes the elbow, triceps brachii extends it
- Brachialis flexes the elbow, triceps brachii extends it
- Orbicularis oculi blinks and closes the eye
- Orbicularis oris protrudes our lips
Head and Neck Muscles
- Zygomaticus major and minor are the smiling muscles
- Frontalis elevates eyebrows
- Buccinator is a muscle used in airflow, drinking, and chewing
- Masseter elevates the mandible, closing the mouth
- Sternocleidomastoid is the primary mover of neck flexion, its origin is sternum and clavicle, and insertion is the mastoid process
- Trapezius originates from the occipital bone and thoracic vertebrae
Trunk Muscles
- Diaphragm is used for defecation, exhalation, and childbirth
- External oblique helps in exhalation by pulling the rib cage downward
Shoulder and Arm Muscles
- Pectoralis major is the prime mover in forward thrusting, throwing, and pushing
- Pectoralis major helps push doors
- Deltoid is the main mover of the up and down shoulder movement
- Latissimus dorsi and deltoid help in climbing and throwing balls
- Latissimus dorsi is the antagonist of pectoralis major
Leg and Foot Muscles
- Iliopsoas helps flex the hip and trunk, balancing the trunk during sitting
- Gluteus maximus provides lift when climbing stairs
- Gluteus medius and minimus abduct the femur, aiding in shifting body weight during walking
- Gracilis is a thigh adductor that flexes the knee
- Sartorius is used in crossing legs
- Quadriceps, gluteus maximus, and gastrocnemius are engaged in shooting a ball
- Tibialis anterior and extensor digitorum longus are anterior muscles of the lower legs
- Tibialis anterior dorsiflexes the foot, preventing toes from scuffing the ground during walking
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Description
Test your knowledge on muscle function and the process of excitation in muscle fibers. This quiz covers essential topics such as myofilament structure, membrane potentials, and the role of neurotransmitters in muscle contraction. Perfect for students studying muscle physiology or related fields.
