Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which muscle is responsible for elevating the eyebrows?
Which muscle is responsible for elevating the eyebrows?
Which muscle functions in airflow, drinking, and chewing?
Which muscle functions in airflow, drinking, and chewing?
When the masseter contracts, does it cause the mouth to close?
When the masseter contracts, does it cause the mouth to close?
What is the correct origin and insertion of the sternocleidomastoid?
What is the correct origin and insertion of the sternocleidomastoid?
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Which muscle is primarily involved in defecation, exhalation, and childbirth?
Which muscle is primarily involved in defecation, exhalation, and childbirth?
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Which muscle is considered the prime mover for forward thrusting and throwing?
Which muscle is considered the prime mover for forward thrusting and throwing?
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Which muscle provides the primary lift when climbing stairs?
Which muscle provides the primary lift when climbing stairs?
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Which muscle acts as an antagonist to the pectoralis major?
Which muscle acts as an antagonist to the pectoralis major?
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Muscles absorb glucose, which plays a significant role in:
Muscles absorb glucose, which plays a significant role in:
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Infoldings of the sarcolemma responsible for carrying electrical current are called:
Infoldings of the sarcolemma responsible for carrying electrical current are called:
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True or False: A muscle fiber is indeed a muscle cell.
True or False: A muscle fiber is indeed a muscle cell.
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Which statement accurately defines the structure and function of thick and thin filaments?
Which statement accurately defines the structure and function of thick and thin filaments?
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True or False: I bands consist of thin filaments and the elastin filament.
True or False: I bands consist of thin filaments and the elastin filament.
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The term used to describe one motor neuron and all muscle fibers it supplies is:
The term used to describe one motor neuron and all muscle fibers it supplies is:
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An enzyme that breaks down acetylcholine to stop muscle stimulation is known as:
An enzyme that breaks down acetylcholine to stop muscle stimulation is known as:
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When the body's demand for ATP is high and oxygen is not available, muscles rely on:
When the body's demand for ATP is high and oxygen is not available, muscles rely on:
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Which combination of steps is necessary for muscle contraction?
Which combination of steps is necessary for muscle contraction?
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What process marks the relaxation of a muscle after contraction?
What process marks the relaxation of a muscle after contraction?
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How are action potentials related to muscle contraction?
How are action potentials related to muscle contraction?
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What does the sliding filament mechanism describe?
What does the sliding filament mechanism describe?
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Which metabolic process yields 30 ATP per glucose during aerobic activity?
Which metabolic process yields 30 ATP per glucose during aerobic activity?
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What distinguishes the power stroke from the recovery stroke in muscle contraction?
What distinguishes the power stroke from the recovery stroke in muscle contraction?
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Which of the following correctly defines a muscle twitch?
Which of the following correctly defines a muscle twitch?
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Which statement correctly contrasts isotonic and isometric contractions?
Which statement correctly contrasts isotonic and isometric contractions?
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Which muscles are responsible for abducting the femur during walking?
Which muscles are responsible for abducting the femur during walking?
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Which muscle acts as a thigh adductor and also assists in knee flexion?
Which muscle acts as a thigh adductor and also assists in knee flexion?
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Which muscle is primarily used when crossing the legs?
Which muscle is primarily used when crossing the legs?
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Which muscles are mainly engaged during the action of shooting a ball?
Which muscles are mainly engaged during the action of shooting a ball?
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What are the anterior muscles of the lower leg?
What are the anterior muscles of the lower leg?
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Which muscle is responsible for dorsiflexing the foot and preventing toes from scuffing during walking?
Which muscle is responsible for dorsiflexing the foot and preventing toes from scuffing during walking?
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Which muscle is considered a thigh adductor that primarily assists in knee flexion?
Which muscle is considered a thigh adductor that primarily assists in knee flexion?
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What is the primary function of the gastrocnemius in relation to lower leg movement?
What is the primary function of the gastrocnemius in relation to lower leg movement?
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Study Notes
Muscle Function and Contraction
- Muscles absorb glucose and contribute to ATP production through glycolysis.
- T-tubules are infoldings of the sarcolemma that carry electrical currents.
- A muscle fiber is a muscle cell.
- Myofilaments are contractile proteins, not microtubules, that are found within muscle fibers.
- Thin filaments are composed of actin, while thick filaments are composed of myosin.
- I bands consist only of thin filaments, not elastin.
- A motor unit consists of a motor neuron and all the muscle fibers it innervates.
- The neuromuscular junction is the site where a nerve fiber meets a muscle fiber.
- Acetylcholinesterase is the enzyme that breaks down acetylcholine to stop muscle stimulation.
- Anaerobic respiration occurs when oxygen is not available (e.g., intense exercise), yielding ATP through the breakdown of glucose.
- Resting membrane potential is the potential difference across a plasma membrane at rest.
- The resting membrane potential of skeletal muscle is -90 mV.
- Excitation, contraction, and relaxation are the sequential events leading from an electrical signal to muscle relaxation.
- Muscle excitation involves the release of acetylcholine at the synapse, followed by the depolarization of the sarcolemma.
- Muscle contraction includes myosin heads binding to actin and the power stroke that pulls actin.
- Muscle relaxation involves the reuptake of calcium into the sarcoplasmic reticulum and the breakdown of acetylcholine at the synapse.
- The sliding filament mechanism describes the process of actin and myosin sliding past each other during muscle contraction.
- Aerobic respiration yields 30 ATP per glucose molecule and requires oxygen, making it suitable for sustained activities like running.
- Power stroke vs. recovery stroke refers to the attachment and detachment of myosin heads to actin.
- A muscle twitch is a quick contraction in response to a single stimulus, while muscle tension refers to the force generated.
- Isotonic contractions involve a change in muscle length, while isometric contractions maintain constant muscle length.
- The biceps brachii flexes the elbow joint, while the triceps brachii extends it.
- The brachialis assists in flexing the elbow joint, and the triceps brachii extends it.
- The orbicularis oculi muscle closes the eye and blinks.
- The orbicularis oris muscle is responsible for actions like kissing and lip protrusion.
- Zygomaticus major and minor muscles are responsible for smiling.
- The frontalis muscle elevates the eyebrows.
- The buccinator muscle is involved in airflow, drinking, and chewing.
- The masseter muscle elevates the mandible, causing the mouth to close.
- The sternocleidomastoid muscle is the prime mover for neck flexion, its origin is at the sternum and its insertion is at the mastoid process.
- The trapezius muscle originates from the occipital bone and spinous processes of thoracic vertebrae.
- The diaphragm is a muscle involved in defecation, exhalation, and childbirth.
- The external oblique muscle is the most superficial abdominal wall muscle, helping in exhalation by pulling the rib cage downward.
- The pectoralis major muscle is the prime mover in actions like forward thrusting, throwing, and pushing.
- The pectoralis major muscle contributes to pushing actions.
- The deltoid muscle is the main mover of the shoulder up and down.
- The latissimus dorsi and deltoid muscles are used in climbing and throwing.
- The latissimus dorsi is an antagonist of the pectoralis major.
- The iliopsoas muscle flexes the hip and trunk, assisting in balance during sitting.
- The quadriceps muscle contributes to lifting actions during stair climbing.
- The gluteus medius and minimus muscles abduct the femur, aiding in weight shifting during walking.
- The gracilis muscle is a thigh adductor that assists in knee flexion.
- The sartorius muscle is involved in crossing legs.
- The quadriceps, gluteus maximus, and gastrocnemius muscles are primarily engaged in shooting a ball.
- The tibialis anterior and extensor digitorum longus muscles are located in the anterior part of the lower leg.
- The tibialis anterior muscle dorsiflexes the foot and prevents toes from scuffing the ground during walking.
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Description
Test your knowledge on muscle function and contraction mechanisms. This quiz covers essential concepts such as muscle cell anatomy, the role of myofilaments, and neuromuscular junctions. Assess your understanding of muscle energy production, including glycolysis and anaerobic respiration.
