Muscle Degeneration and Myopathies: Overview
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary role of dystrophin in muscle-fiber maintenance?

  • Maintaining muscle-fiber membrane integrity (correct)
  • Regulating autophagy in satellite cells
  • Mediating asymmetric cell divisions
  • Controlling satellite cell proliferation

    • Which process is perturbed in mdx satellite cells according to the provided text?

  • Cell proliferation
  • Autophagy regulation
  • Cell polarity mediated by dystrophin (correct)
  • Dystrophin expression

    • What is the significance of DMD being referred to as a muscle stem cell disease?

  • It indicates involvement of satellite cells (correct)
  • It prevents asymmetric cell divisions
  • It influences muscle-fiber stability
  • It affects autophagic gene expression

    • In what type of cells is dystrophin expressed according to the text?

    <p>Muscle stem cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does dystrophin play in satellite cells?

    <p>Mediating cell polarity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Based on the text, how is dystrophin involved in cell divisions?

    <p>Regulating asymmetric cell divisions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which primary aspect of muscle biology does Duchenne muscular dystrophy specifically impact?

    <p>Satellite cell regulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What cellular component does dystrophin help regulate in satellite cells?

    <p>Cell membrane structure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a hallmark of aging according to the text?

    <p>Decline in tissue regenerative potential</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor is known to mediate satellite cell fate according to the provided information?

    <p>Dystrophin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does aging affect muscle regeneration based on the text?

    <p>Decreases satellite cell function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which disease is specifically mentioned in relation to muscle degeneration in the provided text?

    <p>Duchenne muscular dystrophy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do aged muscle cross-sectional areas show based on the information provided?

    <p>Decrease with age</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does niche stiffness influence muscle regeneration according to the text?

    <p>Decreases satellite cell activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of molecules play a role in age-dependent changes related to satellite cells?

    <p>Metabolites</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what way does aging impact muscle regeneration according to the text?

    <p>Reduces satellite cell function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which signaling axis is dysregulated in dystrophin-deficient satellite cells according to the text?

    <p>p38g/CARM1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of p38g depletion in satellite cells as mentioned in the text?

    <p>Induction of Myf5 mRNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which modification is observed at the Myf5 promoter in mdx myoblasts according to the text?

    <p>H3K4me3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the molecular explanation provided in the text for the stem cell dysfunction in Duchenne muscular dystrophy?

    <p>Dysregulation of the p38g/CARM1 signaling axis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does the DGC play in the epigenetic activation of Myf5?

    <p>Epigenetic activation following cell division</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which protein interacts with p38g in myofibers, leading to colocalization?

    <p>b1-Syntrophin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In dystrophin-deficient satellite cells, what interaction is observed at a reduced level according to the text?

    <p>Pax7-CARM1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What epigenetic change is associated with decreased Myf5 transcription in dystrophin-deficient cells?

    <p>H3K4me3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the genetic cause of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy?

    <p>Mutations in the DMD gene</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process is essential to prevent senescence in satellite cells according to Garcia-Prat et al?

    <p>Enhanced autophagy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic feature of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy?

    <p>Progressive muscle wasting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What cellular process is impaired in aged satellite cells according to Chang et al?

    <p>Loss of autophagy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which intervention has been shown to prevent senescence in satellite cells according to Garcia-Prat et al?

    <p>Restoring autophagy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a consequence of genetic deletion of autophagy in satellite cells?

    <p>Mitochondrial dysfunction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which technique did Conboy et al. use to demonstrate stem cell rejuvenation?

    <p>Heterochronic parabiosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key characteristic of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy that distinguishes it from other muscle disorders?

    <p>Lack of dystrophin due to mutations in the DMD gene</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the functional consequence of altering the orientation of myofibers?

    <p>Impaired differentiation of myoblasts WT</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which protein is involved in Dystrophin-mediated regulation of satellite cell fate?

    <p>Pax7me:MLL complex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of phosphorylation of CARM1 by p38g?

    <p>Prevents nuclear localization of CARM1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor is inhibited in mdx myoblasts?

    <p>Myogenic factors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Dystrophin deficiency lead to?

    <p>Impaired cell polarity and asymmetric cell division</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of CARM1 in muscle cells?

    <p>Mediates nuclear translocation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to CARM1 in Carm1f/f myoblasts?

    <p>Prevented nuclear localization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of the alteration of mitotic spindle orientation?

    <p>Impaired asymmetric cell division</p> Signup and view all the answers

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