Muscle Degeneration and Myopathies: Overview

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary role of dystrophin in muscle-fiber maintenance?

  • Maintaining muscle-fiber membrane integrity (correct)
  • Regulating autophagy in satellite cells
  • Mediating asymmetric cell divisions
  • Controlling satellite cell proliferation

Which process is perturbed in mdx satellite cells according to the provided text?

  • Cell proliferation
  • Autophagy regulation
  • Cell polarity mediated by dystrophin (correct)
  • Dystrophin expression

What is the significance of DMD being referred to as a muscle stem cell disease?

  • It indicates involvement of satellite cells (correct)
  • It prevents asymmetric cell divisions
  • It influences muscle-fiber stability
  • It affects autophagic gene expression

In what type of cells is dystrophin expressed according to the text?

<p>Muscle stem cells (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does dystrophin play in satellite cells?

<p>Mediating cell polarity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Based on the text, how is dystrophin involved in cell divisions?

<p>Regulating asymmetric cell divisions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which primary aspect of muscle biology does Duchenne muscular dystrophy specifically impact?

<p>Satellite cell regulation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What cellular component does dystrophin help regulate in satellite cells?

<p>Cell membrane structure (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a hallmark of aging according to the text?

<p>Decline in tissue regenerative potential (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is known to mediate satellite cell fate according to the provided information?

<p>Dystrophin (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does aging affect muscle regeneration based on the text?

<p>Decreases satellite cell function (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which disease is specifically mentioned in relation to muscle degeneration in the provided text?

<p>Duchenne muscular dystrophy (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do aged muscle cross-sectional areas show based on the information provided?

<p>Decrease with age (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does niche stiffness influence muscle regeneration according to the text?

<p>Decreases satellite cell activity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of molecules play a role in age-dependent changes related to satellite cells?

<p>Metabolites (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what way does aging impact muscle regeneration according to the text?

<p>Reduces satellite cell function (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which signaling axis is dysregulated in dystrophin-deficient satellite cells according to the text?

<p>p38g/CARM1 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of p38g depletion in satellite cells as mentioned in the text?

<p>Induction of Myf5 mRNA (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which modification is observed at the Myf5 promoter in mdx myoblasts according to the text?

<p>H3K4me3 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the molecular explanation provided in the text for the stem cell dysfunction in Duchenne muscular dystrophy?

<p>Dysregulation of the p38g/CARM1 signaling axis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does the DGC play in the epigenetic activation of Myf5?

<p>Epigenetic activation following cell division (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which protein interacts with p38g in myofibers, leading to colocalization?

<p>b1-Syntrophin (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In dystrophin-deficient satellite cells, what interaction is observed at a reduced level according to the text?

<p>Pax7-CARM1 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What epigenetic change is associated with decreased Myf5 transcription in dystrophin-deficient cells?

<p>H3K4me3 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the genetic cause of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy?

<p>Mutations in the DMD gene (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which process is essential to prevent senescence in satellite cells according to Garcia-Prat et al?

<p>Enhanced autophagy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic feature of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy?

<p>Progressive muscle wasting (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What cellular process is impaired in aged satellite cells according to Chang et al?

<p>Loss of autophagy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which intervention has been shown to prevent senescence in satellite cells according to Garcia-Prat et al?

<p>Restoring autophagy (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a consequence of genetic deletion of autophagy in satellite cells?

<p>Mitochondrial dysfunction (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which technique did Conboy et al. use to demonstrate stem cell rejuvenation?

<p>Heterochronic parabiosis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the key characteristic of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy that distinguishes it from other muscle disorders?

<p>Lack of dystrophin due to mutations in the DMD gene (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the functional consequence of altering the orientation of myofibers?

<p>Impaired differentiation of myoblasts WT (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which protein is involved in Dystrophin-mediated regulation of satellite cell fate?

<p>Pax7me:MLL complex (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of phosphorylation of CARM1 by p38g?

<p>Prevents nuclear localization of CARM1 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is inhibited in mdx myoblasts?

<p>Myogenic factors (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Dystrophin deficiency lead to?

<p>Impaired cell polarity and asymmetric cell division (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of CARM1 in muscle cells?

<p>Mediates nuclear translocation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to CARM1 in Carm1f/f myoblasts?

<p>Prevented nuclear localization (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of the alteration of mitotic spindle orientation?

<p>Impaired asymmetric cell division (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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