Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following describe the primary functions of skeletal muscle?
Which of the following describe the primary functions of skeletal muscle?
Which muscles are classified as the hamstrings?
Which muscles are classified as the hamstrings?
Which of the following statements about the central nervous system is correct?
Which of the following statements about the central nervous system is correct?
What is the role of smooth muscle in the body?
What is the role of smooth muscle in the body?
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Which of the following muscle types is responsible for maintaining the heart's rhythm?
Which of the following muscle types is responsible for maintaining the heart's rhythm?
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What characteristic do smooth and cardiac muscle share?
What characteristic do smooth and cardiac muscle share?
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What does the term 'extensibility' refer to in muscle function?
What does the term 'extensibility' refer to in muscle function?
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What type of neurotransmitter is released at the neuromuscular junction?
What type of neurotransmitter is released at the neuromuscular junction?
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Where is calcium stored in muscle cells?
Where is calcium stored in muscle cells?
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What does the power stroke in muscle contraction involve?
What does the power stroke in muscle contraction involve?
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What fascia wraps around the entire muscle?
What fascia wraps around the entire muscle?
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What type of respiration requires oxygen?
What type of respiration requires oxygen?
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Which contraction type involves muscle shortening?
Which contraction type involves muscle shortening?
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Study Notes
Muscle Characteristics and Functions
- Smooth and cardiac muscles are both involuntary.
- Extensibility is the ability of a muscle to be stretched.
- Elasticity is the ability of a muscle to stretch and return to its original position.
- Perimysium wraps around muscle fascicles.
- Epimysium wraps around the entire muscle.
- A sarcomere is the segment from Z-disc to Z-disc.
- Calcium is stored in the sarcoplasmic reticulum.
- Acetylcholine is the neurotransmitter released at the neuromuscular junction.
- The power stroke occurs when actin slides towards the M-line, interacting with myosin.
- Oxygen provides the longest-lasting energy source for muscle contraction.
- Aerobic respiration requires oxygen; anaerobic respiration does not.
- Energy sources from least to greatest duration: Creatine phosphate, Anaerobic respiration, Aerobic respiration.
- Creatine phosphate provides the least energy (15-20 seconds).
Muscle Contraction Types
- Concentric contractions involve muscle shortening.
- Eccentric contractions involve muscle elongation.
- Isometric contractions involve holding a muscle at a constant length (e.g., holding a weight).
Muscle Shapes and Locations
- Orbicularis muscles (orbicularis oris, orbicularis oculi) surround the mouth and eyes, respectively.
- Rhomboid major is in a diamond shape.
Muscle Structure and Movement
- The origin of a muscle is the stationary point.
- The insertion of a muscle is the moving point, which moves towards the origin.
Nervous System Branches
- Efferent neurons take information away from the central nervous system.
- Afferent neurons take information towards the central nervous system.
Cellular Channels
- Cellular membranes have different types of channels including:
- Voltage-gated channels respond to voltage changes.
- Ligand-gated channels respond to chemical signals.
- Mechanically gated channels respond to physical forces.
- Leaky channels are always open, maintaining resting membrane potential.
Nervous System Structures
- The central nervous system comprises the brain and spinal cord.
Rotator Cuff Muscles
- The rotator cuff muscles are supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, and subscapularis.
Tissues Requiring Electrical Excitability
- Neurons and muscles need to be electrically excitable.
Muscle Groups
- The hamstrings include biceps femoris, semitendinosus, and semimembranosus.
- The quadriceps include rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, and vastus intermedius.
Muscle Functions
- Cardiac muscle pumps blood throughout the heart.
- Smooth muscle functions in digestion, circulation, waste elimination, nutrient transport, sphincter closure (among other functions).
- Skeletal muscle protects organs, moves limbs, stores fat, maintains posture and stability, regulates body temperature, and controls blood glucose levels.
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Description
Test your knowledge on muscle characteristics, functions, and contraction types. This quiz covers topics such as muscle types, structure, energy sources, and the process of muscle contraction. Perfect for students studying biology or anatomy.
