Muscle and Connective Tissues Overview

A group of similar cells working together to perform a specific function.

Skeletal muscle fibers can run parallel or at an angle to the direction of muscle pull.

Muscle fibres run parallel to the long axis, with a central tendon. Example: biceps brachii.

Muscle fibres run in a flat sheet. Example: Psoas Major

Muscle fibres attach to one side of a tendon. Example: Extensor Digitorum.

Muscle fibres attach to both sides of a tendon. Example: Rectus Femoris.

Muscle fibres attach to multiple branches of a tendon. Example: Deltoid.

Connective tissue provides support, structure, and protection for organs and tissues in the body.

A group of cells with similar structure, performing a common function.

Muscle tissue contracts to generate movement.

Connective tissue supports, connects, and protects other tissues and organs.

Epithelial tissue covers and protects surfaces, forming linings and glands.

Nervous tissue transmits signals throughout the body, controlling and coordinating functions.

Cartilage is a flexible, supportive tissue found in joints, ears, and nose.

Bone tissue is a strong, rigid tissue that provides support and protection.

Blood is a fluid connective tissue that transports oxygen, nutrients, and waste.

A type of dense connective tissue with fibers arranged in a parallel pattern, providing strong resistance in a single direction.

A type of dense connective tissue with fibers arranged in a randomly interwoven pattern, providing strength in multiple directions.

Strong, fibrous cords that attach muscles to bones, allowing for movement.

Flat sheets of dense connective tissue that attach muscles to other structures, often providing broad areas of attachment.

Layers of dense connective tissue that wrap and bind groups of muscles, providing support and organization within the body.

A type of bone tissue with a network of bony bars called trabeculae and spaces filled with bone marrow. It provides strength and flexibility, and is found in the ends of long bones and flat bones.

A type of bone tissue that is dense and solid, forming the outer layer of most bones. It provides strength and support, and is found in the shaft of long bones and the outer layer of flat bones.

The part of the skeleton that forms the central axis of the body. It includes the skull, vertebral column (spine), and ribcage.

The part of the skeleton that is attached to the axial skeleton. It includes the shoulder girdle, upper limbs, pelvic girdle, and lower limbs.

The bones that make up the head, including the cranium (braincase) and facial bones.

The main support structure of the body, composed of a series of bones called vertebrae. It allows movement, protects the spinal cord, and supports the head.

The bones that form the chest cavity, protecting the heart and lungs. It includes the ribs, sternum (breastbone), and thoracic vertebrae.

The bones that connect the upper limbs to the axial skeleton. It includes the clavicle (collarbone) and scapula (shoulder blade).

A tough, fibrous membrane surrounding a joint, resisting pulling forces in a single direction, crucial for joint stability during movement.

A type of connective tissue with properties between bone and dense connective tissue. It's tough, flexible, resists tension and compression, lacks nerves and blood supply, and is mostly water.

Type of cartilage found in the embryonic skeleton, ends of long bones, costal cartilage, and respiratory tract. It has lots of collagen fibers, providing firm support with flexibility.

Found in intervertebral discs and menisci of the knee, it's a combination of hyaline cartilage and dense connective tissue. Its function is to absorb shock.

Found in the epiglottis and external ear, it contains more elastic fibers. This gives it superior strength and stretch ability compared to other cartilage types.

Osseous tissue, the structural component of bone. Compact bone is dense and hard, like ivory.

Bone can be classified into two types: compact (cortical) and spongy (cancellous) bone.

Spongy (cancellous) bone has a porous network structure which is lighter and less dense than compact bone. It's found in the ends of bones and provides strength and support.

The strong outer layer of bone, composed of dense fibrous tissue. It plays a crucial role in bone healing by releasing osteoblast precursors.

The central shaft of a long bone, made of compact bone, providing strength for weight-bearing.

The hollow cavity within the diaphysis, lined by the endosteum, containing yellow marrow (fat storage).

The expanded ends of a long bone, containing growth plates and red marrow for blood cell production. They are covered in a thin layer of compact bone and have a core of cancellous bone.

The hard, smooth, and low-friction cartilage covering the joint surfaces of bones. It reduces friction during movement.

The internal framework of bone composed of trabeculae, which are arranged in a way to provide maximum strength for less weight.

The thin, delicate, and irregularly shaped lattice-like structure of bone found in the epiphyses, providing strength and reducing weight.

The small, needle-like structures of cancellous bone aligned to resist forces like compression, tension, and shear.