Muscle Anatomy Flashcards

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Questions and Answers

What is the origin of the epicranius (frontal belly)?

occipital and temporal bones

frontal and maxillary bones

galea aponeurotica (correct)

zygomatic bone

What is the insertion of the epicranius (frontal belly)?

skin of eyebrows and root of nose

What is the action of the epicranius (frontal belly)?

raises eyebrows

What is the origin of the epicranius (occipital belly)?

occipital and temporal bones Signup and view all the answers

What is the insertion of the epicranius (occipital belly)?

galea aponeurotica Signup and view all the answers

What is the action of the epicranius (occipital belly)?

fixes aponeurosis and pulls scalp posteriorly Signup and view all the answers

What is the origin of the orbicularis oculi?

frontal and maxillary bones Signup and view all the answers

What is the insertion of the orbicularis oculi?

in tissue of eyelid Signup and view all the answers

What is the action of the orbicularis oculi?

closes eyes, draws eyebrows inferiorly Signup and view all the answers

What is the origin of the orbicularis oris?

maxilla and mandible, fibers blend with other muscles Signup and view all the answers

What is the insertion of the orbicularis oris?

into muscle and skin at angles of mouth Signup and view all the answers

What is the action of the orbicularis oris?

closes lips (kissing muscle) Signup and view all the answers

What is the origin of the buccinator?

molar region of maxilla and mandible Signup and view all the answers

What is the insertion of the buccinator?

orbicularis oris Signup and view all the answers

What is the action of the buccinator?

compresses cheeks Signup and view all the answers

What is the origin of the zygomaticus major?

zygomatic bone Signup and view all the answers

What is the insertion of the zygomaticus major?

skin and muscle at corner of mouth Signup and view all the answers

What is the action of the zygomaticus major?

raises lateral corners of mouth upward Signup and view all the answers

What is the origin of the levator labii superioris?

zygomatic bone and infraorbital margin of maxilla Signup and view all the answers

What is the insertion of the levator labii superioris?

skin and muscle of upper lip and border of nostril Signup and view all the answers

What is the action of the levator labii superioris?

opens lips (upper lip) Signup and view all the answers

What is the origin of the depressor labii inferioris?

body of mandible lateral to its midline Signup and view all the answers

What is the insertion of the depressor labii inferioris?

skin and muscle of lower lip Signup and view all the answers

What is the action of the depressor labii inferioris?

draws lower lip inferiorly Signup and view all the answers

What is the origin of the temporalis?

temporal fossa Signup and view all the answers

What is the insertion of the temporalis?

coronoid process of mandible Signup and view all the answers

What is the action of the temporalis?

closes jaw Signup and view all the answers

What is the origin of the masseter?

zygomatic arch and maxilla Signup and view all the answers

What is the insertion of the masseter?

angle and ramus of mandible Signup and view all the answers

What is the action of the masseter?

prime mover of jaw closure Signup and view all the answers

What is the origin of the platysma?

fascia of chest and deltoid Signup and view all the answers

What is the insertion of the platysma?

lower margin of mandible, skin and muscle at corner of mouth Signup and view all the answers

What is the action of the platysma?

tenses skin of neck Signup and view all the answers

What is the origin of the sternocleidomastoid?

manubrium, medial portion of clavicle Signup and view all the answers

What is the insertion of the sternocleidomastoid?

mastoid process, superior nuchal line Signup and view all the answers

What is the action of the sternocleidomastoid?

flexion of neck forward Signup and view all the answers

What is the origin of the digastric muscle?

lower margin of mandible, mastoid process Signup and view all the answers

What is the insertion of the digastric muscle?

connective tissue to hyoid bone Signup and view all the answers

What is the action of the digastric muscle?

open mouth and depress mandible Signup and view all the answers

What is the origin of the mylohyoid?

medial surface of mandible Signup and view all the answers

What is the insertion of the mylohyoid?

hyoid bone Signup and view all the answers

What is the action of the mylohyoid?

elevates hyoid bone and base of tongue Signup and view all the answers

What is the origin of the thyrohyoid?

thyroid cartilage Signup and view all the answers

What is the insertion of the thyrohyoid?

hyoid bone Signup and view all the answers

What is the action of the thyrohyoid?

depresses hyoid bone Signup and view all the answers

What is the origin of the omohyoid?

superior surface of scapula Signup and view all the answers

What is the insertion of the omohyoid?

hyoid bone, inferior border Signup and view all the answers

What is the action of the omohyoid?

depresses larynx and hyoid bone Signup and view all the answers

What is the origin of the sternohyoid?

manubrium and medial end of clavicle Signup and view all the answers

What is the insertion of the sternohyoid?

lower margin of body of hyoid bone Signup and view all the answers

What is the action of the sternohyoid?

depresses larynx Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Epicranius

Frontal Belly Origin: Galea aponeurotica, a broad tendon connecting the front and back of the scalp.
Frontal Belly Insertion: Skin of the eyebrows and the root of the nose.
Frontal Belly Action: Raises eyebrows, contributing to facial expressions of surprise or curiosity.
Occipital Belly Origin: Occipital and temporal bones, located at the back of the skull.
Occipital Belly Insertion: Galea aponeurotica, forming a connection with the frontal belly.
Occipital Belly Action: Fixes the aponeurosis and pulls the scalp posteriorly, aiding in the movement of the scalp.

Orbicularis Oculi

Origin: Frontal and maxillary bones surrounding the eye socket.
Insertion: Tissues of the eyelids, encapsulating the eye.
Action: Closes the eyes and draws the eyebrows inferiorly, essential for blinking and squinting.

Orbicularis Oris

Origin: Maxilla and mandible, blending fibers with surrounding muscles.
Insertion: Muscle and skin at the corners of the mouth, forming the lips.
Action: Closes lips, often referred to as the "kissing muscle," important for articulation and facial expressions.

Buccinator

Origin: Molar region of the maxilla and mandible, near the cheek.
Insertion: Orbicularis oris, integrating with the muscle around the mouth.
Action: Compresses the cheeks, aiding in chewing and helping to keep food in place during mastication.

Zygomaticus Major

Origin: Zygomatic bone, located in the cheek.
Insertion: Skin and muscle at the corners of the mouth, enhancing facial movements.
Action: Known as the "smiling muscle," elevates the lateral corners of the mouth upward.

Levator Labii Superioris

Origin: Zygomatic bone and infraorbital margin of the maxilla.
Insertion: Skin and muscle of the upper lip and the border of the nostril.
Action: Opens the lips, particularly elevating the upper lip for expressions like disdain or sneering.

Depressor Labii Inferioris

Origin: Body of the mandible, lateral to its midline.
Insertion: Skin and muscle of the lower lip.
Action: Draws the lower lip inferiorly, allowing for expressions of sadness or doubt.

Temporalis

Origin: Temporal fossa, located on the side of the skull.
Insertion: Coronoid process of the mandible, where it influences jaw movement.
Action: Closes the jaw, playing a crucial role in mastication.

Masseter

Origin: Zygomatic arch and maxilla, forming a strong jaw muscle.
Insertion: Angle and ramus of the mandible, facilitating powerful movements.
Action: Prime mover of jaw closure, essential for biting and chewing.

Platysma

Origin: Fascia of the chest and deltoid muscle.
Insertion: Lower margin of the mandible and skin/muscle at the corners of the mouth.
Action: Tenses skin of the neck and assists in facial expressions of horror or surprise.

Sternocleidomastoid

Origin: Manubrium and medial portion of the clavicle.
Insertion: Mastoid process and superior nuchal line, allowing neck rotation.
Action: Flexes the neck forward, also aiding in the rotation of the head.

Digastric

Origin: Lower margin of the mandible and mastoid process.
Insertion: Connective tissue to the hyoid bone, crucial for swallowing.
Action: Opens the mouth and depresses the mandible, facilitating the act of chewing.

Mylohyoid

Origin: Medial surface of the mandible, forming a muscular floor to the mouth.
Insertion: Hyoid bone, contributing to the movement of the tongue and floor of the mouth.
Action: Elevates the hyoid bone and base of the tongue during swallowing.

Thyrohyoid

Origin: Thyroid cartilage, part of the larynx.
Insertion: Hyoid bone, providing support to the laryngeal structure.
Action: Depresses the hyoid bone, involved in speech and swallowing mechanics.

Omohyoid

Origin: Superior surface of the scapula, influencing neck movement.
Insertion: Hyoid bone's inferior border, connecting neck structures.
Action: Depresses larynx and hyoid bone, important for swallowing and speech.

Sternohyoid

Origin: Manubrium and medial end of the clavicle, foundational for neck muscles.
Insertion: Lower margin of body of the hyoid bone, linking the hyoid to the sternum.
Action: Depresses the larynx and hyoid bone, assisting in phonation and swallowing.

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Description

Explore the origins, insertions, and actions of major muscles in the body through flashcards. This quiz focuses on the epicranius muscle, detailing its anatomical features and functions. It's a great way to reinforce your understanding of muscle anatomy and their roles in movement.