Muscle Anatomy and Function Quiz

Tendonitis = Inflammation of the tendon sheath due to overuse Tendinosis = Breakdown of collagen fibers in the tendon due to overuse Overuse = Repetitive strain or excessive use of a tendon Tendon = Connective tissue that attaches muscle to bone

Short head = Coracoid process of scapula Long head = Supraglenoid tubercle Insertion = Radial tuberosity of radius Common tendon = Point of insertion attachment of the muscle

Prime mover = Muscle that causes the desired action Synergist = Muscles that work together to produce a given action Antagonist = Muscle whose action opposes that of the prime mover Action = Function or movement produced by a muscle contraction

<p>Origin = The more fixed attachment of the muscle Insertion = The more mobile attachment of the muscle Fascicle = A bundle of parallel muscle fibers or cells Contraction = The action of the muscle shortening to create movement</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Tendonitis = May cause pain and restricted movement Tendinosis = Leads to degeneration of tendon structure Muscle contraction = Causes the insertion to move towards the origin Elbow extension = Opposed by flexor muscles during movement</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Biceps brachii = Muscle responsible for elbow flexion Synergist = Works in conjunction with prime mover Antagonist = Acts against the prime mover Fascicle structure = Parallel alignment of muscle fibers</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Flexors = Muscles that decrease the angle at a joint Extensors = Muscles that increase the angle at a joint Adductors = Muscles that bring limbs closer to the body Abductors = Muscles that move limbs away from the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Flexion = Bending the elbow Extension = Straightening the arm Abduction = Raising the arm sideways Adduction = Lowering the arm towards the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cardiac Muscle = Striated, involuntary, and branched cells Smooth Muscle = Spindle-shaped, involuntary, and no striations Skeletal Muscle = Cylindrical, voluntary, and multi-nucleated All Muscle Tissues = Contain myofilaments composed of actin and myosin</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Contractility = Ability to shorten in length when stimulated Extensibility = Ability to stretch beyond normal length Elasticity = Ability to recoil to resting length Excitability = Ability to change electrical charge when stimulated</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cardiac Muscle = Walls of the heart Smooth Muscle = Walls of hollow organs Skeletal Muscle = Attached to skin and bones All Muscle Tissues = Highly vascular with good blood supply</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cardiac Muscle = Derived from splanchnic mesoderm Smooth Muscle = Derived from splanchnic mesoderm Skeletal Muscle = Derived from somite and somatic mesoderm All Muscle Tissues = Have specialized organelles</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Producing voluntary movement = Facilitates movement of skin and bones Maintaining posture = Supports body positioning Guarding entrances and exits = Controls access to body orifices Storing nutrients = Reservoir for essential nutrients</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Epimysium = Connective tissue wrapping all fascicles Fascicles = Parallel bundles of muscle fibers Tendons = Connect muscles to bones Myofibrils = Arranged in striations within muscle fibers</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Striations in Skeletal Muscle = Myofilaments arranged as myofibrils Single nucleus in Cardiac Muscle = One nucleus per branched cell Intercalated discs = Connections between cardiac cells Spindle shape in Smooth Muscle = Small-sized with no striations</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Involuntary and striated = Cardiac Muscle Involuntary and non-striated = Smooth Muscle Voluntary and striated = Skeletal Muscle Muscle tissue with myofilaments = All Muscle Tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Endomysium = Connective tissue filling the space between each muscle fiber Perimysium = Connective tissue wrapping around all muscle fibers creating a fascicle Epimysium = Connective tissue covering the entire muscle Fascicle = Bundle of muscle fibers surrounded by perimysium</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Parallel = Fascicles run parallel to the body’s long axis Convergent = Fascicles converge toward a single tendon insertion Pennate = Short fascicles attach at an angle to a central tendon Circular = Fascicles are arranged in a circle around an opening</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sarcoplasmic reticulum = Organelle involved in calcium storage and release Sarcoplasm = Cytoplasm of the muscle fiber containing organelles Sarcolemma = Charged cell membrane surrounding the muscle fiber Myofibrils = Long, cylindrical structures containing contractile proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Long and cylindrical = Shape of muscle fibers Multi-nucleated = Presence of more than one nucleus in muscle fibers Transverse tubules = Dips in the sarcolemma connecting with the sarcoplasmic reticulum Mitochondria = Organelles responsible for energy production within muscle fibers</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Perimysium = Surrounds fascicles of muscle fibers Endomysium = Wraps around individual muscle fibers Epimysium = Encases the entire muscle Fascia = Connective tissue sheets that support and bind muscles</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mitochondria = Provide ATP for muscle contraction Sarcolemma = Facilitates muscle fiber stimulation Sarcoplasmic reticulum = Regulates calcium ion concentration Myofibrils = Responsible for muscle contraction through sliding filament mechanism</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Strap-like = Shape of muscles with parallel fascicle arrangement Fusiform = Muscles with a wider origin tapering to a narrower end Short fascicles = Muscle fibers attaching at an angle to the tendon Broad origin = Muscles that have a wide base converging at a single tendon</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sarcoplasm = Holds organelles such as mitochondria and nuclei Myofibrils = Contain contractile proteins for muscle contraction Transverse tubules = Allow electrical signals to penetrate deeper into the fiber Nucleus = Controls the metabolic activity of the muscle fiber</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>H zone = Area with only myosin and M line proteins overlapping A band = Area where actin and myosin filaments overlap I band = Area with only actin filaments and Z-disc proteins M line = Structural proteins that anchor myosin filaments</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Slow Oxidative Fibers = Small diameter with many mitochondria Fast Oxidative Fibers = Intermediate diameter with some mitochondria Fast Glycolytic Fibers = Powerful but somewhat resistant to fatigue</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Aerobic exercise = Increases flexibility and fatigue resistance Resistance exercise = Increases muscle size and strength Weightlifting = Targets hypertrophy and muscular endurance Running = Enhances cardiovascular endurance</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Epimysium = Surrounds the entire muscle organ Perimysium = Surrounds groups of muscle fibers called fascicles Endomysium = Surrounds individual muscle fibers Fascicle = Collection of muscle fibers bound together</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Myofibrils = Thread-like structures composed of sarcomeres Sarcomere = Basic structural unit of a myofibril Myofilament = Filaments that make up the contractile apparatus Actin and myosin = Main proteins involved in muscle contraction</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Skeletal muscle = Voluntary and striated Cardiac muscle = Contains intercalated discs Smooth muscle = Involuntary and non-striated</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Slow Oxidative Fibers = Contract slowly and resist fatigue Fast Oxidative Fibers = Contract fast and have good endurance Fast Glycolytic Fibers = Gain energy primarily from anaerobic processes</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Skeletal muscle = Striated and multi-nucleated Cardiac muscle = Found in the heart and regulates heartbeat Smooth muscle = Found in the walls of hollow organs</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sarcoplasmic reticulum = Stores calcium (Ca2+) Transverse (T-) tubule = Connects to the sarcoplasmic reticulum Endomysium = Surrounds individual muscle fibers Sarcolemma = The cell membrane of the muscle fiber</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Thin filaments = Composed of actin proteins Thick filaments = Bundles of myosin proteins Tropomyosin = Covers myosin-binding sites on actin Troponin = Holds tropomyosin in place</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Z disc = Boundary between sarcomeres M-line = Secures thick filaments Myofibrils = Organelles composed of myofilaments Myofilaments = Contractile proteins within sarcomeres</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Myofibrils = Contractile units of muscle fibers Openings of T-tubules = Allow action potential to penetrate Sarcoplasmic reticulum = Regulates calcium release Myofilaments = Facilitate muscle contraction</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Actin binding site = Site where myosin attaches Tropomyosin = Inhibits contraction in relaxed muscle Calcium ions (Ca2+) = Triggers muscle contraction Myosin heads = Pull thin filaments during contraction</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Transverse (T-) tubules = Extend into muscle fiber for conduction Sarcoplasmic reticulum = Surrounds myofibrils Endomysium = Provides structural support to fibers Myofibrils = Aggregate to form muscle fibers</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Myofibrils = Composed of repeating sarcomeres Sarcoplasmic reticulum = Releases calcium to initiate contraction Myofilaments = Arranged in a pattern to form sarcomeres Endomysium = Encases individual muscle fibers</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Z disc = Defines the boundaries of a sarcomere M-line = Center of the sarcomere Myofilaments = Thick and thin types present Actin and myosin = Main proteins responsible for contraction</p> Signup and view all the answers