Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the result of the process of carcinogenesis?
What is the result of the process of carcinogenesis?
- Transformation of neoplastic cells to normal cells
- Inhibition of cellular growth and division
- Removal of genetic alterations from normal cells
- Transformation of normal cells to neoplastic cells (correct)
What is a carcinogen?
What is a carcinogen?
- A microbial agent that cures cancer
- A substance that prevents cancer
- A radioactive substance that kills cancer cells
- An agent directly involved in causing cancer (correct)
How many classes of carcinogenic agents can be identified?
How many classes of carcinogenic agents can be identified?
- One
- Four
- Three (correct)
- Two
What is the multistep carcinogenesis hypothesis?
What is the multistep carcinogenesis hypothesis?
What is the outcome of genetic abnormalities in carcinogenesis?
What is the outcome of genetic abnormalities in carcinogenesis?
What is the purpose of understanding the multistep theory of neoplasia?
What is the purpose of understanding the multistep theory of neoplasia?
What is the 'hit-and-run' situation in the context of carcinogenesis?
What is the 'hit-and-run' situation in the context of carcinogenesis?
What are the two major steps in the transformation of cells in experimental carcinogenesis?
What are the two major steps in the transformation of cells in experimental carcinogenesis?
What is the process by which neoplasms arise from single cells that have become transformed by cumulative mutational events?
What is the process by which neoplasms arise from single cells that have become transformed by cumulative mutational events?
What are the genetic alterations involved in the development of human tumours?
What are the genetic alterations involved in the development of human tumours?
What is the result of the progression step in the development of tumours?
What is the result of the progression step in the development of tumours?
What are the exceptions to the 'hit-and-run' situation where the evidence of the specific causative agent(s) is found in the eventual tumours?
What are the exceptions to the 'hit-and-run' situation where the evidence of the specific causative agent(s) is found in the eventual tumours?
What is responsible for the initiation and long-term maintenance of the tumor?
What is responsible for the initiation and long-term maintenance of the tumor?
According to Vogelstein's theory of colonic carcinogenesis, how many DNA changes are typically required for a cell to become fully cancerous?
According to Vogelstein's theory of colonic carcinogenesis, how many DNA changes are typically required for a cell to become fully cancerous?
What type of genes can be mutated or lost in colon cancer development?
What type of genes can be mutated or lost in colon cancer development?
What is the name of the gene associated with adenomatosis polyposis coli?
What is the name of the gene associated with adenomatosis polyposis coli?
What is the term for the process by which a benign neoplasm becomes a carcinoma?
What is the term for the process by which a benign neoplasm becomes a carcinoma?
How many classes of genes can be mutated to cause cancer?
How many classes of genes can be mutated to cause cancer?
What is a characteristic of neoplasms?
What is a characteristic of neoplasms?
What increases with the number of cell divisions experienced by a cell?
What increases with the number of cell divisions experienced by a cell?
What is the result of each successive mutation in the clonal evolution model?
What is the result of each successive mutation in the clonal evolution model?
What is a characteristic of cancer stem cells (CSCs)?
What is a characteristic of cancer stem cells (CSCs)?
What is a potential consequence of cancer stem cells (CSCs) having different sensitivities to radiation or chemotherapy?
What is a potential consequence of cancer stem cells (CSCs) having different sensitivities to radiation or chemotherapy?
In which types of cancer have cancer stem cells (CSCs) been identified?
In which types of cancer have cancer stem cells (CSCs) been identified?
What is the normal activity of growth-promoting proto-oncogenes?
What is the normal activity of growth-promoting proto-oncogenes?
What is the effect of a single mutant allele of a growth-promoting proto-oncogene?
What is the effect of a single mutant allele of a growth-promoting proto-oncogene?
What is the result of a loss-of-function mutation in a tumour suppressor gene?
What is the result of a loss-of-function mutation in a tumour suppressor gene?
What is the effect of gain-of-function mutations in genes whose products suppress apoptosis?
What is the effect of gain-of-function mutations in genes whose products suppress apoptosis?
What is the consequence of loss-of-function mutations in DNA repair genes?
What is the consequence of loss-of-function mutations in DNA repair genes?
How many hallmarks of cancer are described in the 2011 Cell paper by Hanahan and Weinberg?
How many hallmarks of cancer are described in the 2011 Cell paper by Hanahan and Weinberg?
Flashcards are hidden until you start studying
