37 Questions
What is the approximate distance that the ganglion cells terminate before the inner nuclear layer in the macula?
30 μm
Where do the fibers of Henle's layer eventually reach in the retina?
Outer plexiform layer
At what distance from the fovea does the rod density begin to increase?
1.2 mm to 1.7 mm
Which region of the macula has the largest accumulation of retinal bipolar and ganglion cells?
Parafovea
What happens to the neural retina towards the periphery in the peripheral retina?
Becomes a single layer of irregular columnar cells
What is the termination point of the retina at its periphery known as?
Ora serrata
Which part of the retina is specialized for visual acuity?
Central region
What is the role of the Cilioretinal Artery in the retina?
Supplies blood to the macula lutea
In which layer of the retina do rods dominate?
Peripheral region
What does Henle's fiber layer consist of?
Rods and cones
What percentage of the population has a Cilioretinal Artery present?
15-20%
What is the approximate diameter of the macula lutea?
5.5 mm
Which of the following retinal layers are present in the foveola?
Retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), photoreceptor layer, outer limiting membrane (OLM), outer nuclear layer (ONL), Henle's fiber layer, inner limiting membrane (ILM)
What is the approximate diameter of the foveola?
0.35 mm
Which of the following statements about the foveola is true?
It has no rods within the central 1 degree.
What is the approximate density of cones in the foveola?
199,000 to 300,000 per square millimeter
Which of the following statements about Henle's fiber layer is true?
It is a layer of photoreceptor axons.
Which retinal layer is responsible for the temporary presence of the Chievitz transient layer during fetal development?
Inner nuclear layer
Which of the following best describes the changes in retinal lamination as you move from the fovea towards the peripheral retina?
The retinal layers become thinner and more condensed
What is the primary driver of macula development during fetal life?
Proliferation of retinal ganglion cells
Which retinal cell type exhibits the most dramatic increase in density within the macula compared to the peripheral retina?
Photoreceptors
Which retinal vascular structure is responsible for the development of the foveal avascular zone?
Choroidal capillaries
What is the name of the layer in the retina where ganglion cells terminate and spread out horizontally?
IPL - Inner Plexiform Layer
Which of the following cell types are responsible for nourishing the macula in the retina?
Pericytes
In retinal development, what is the name of the artery that branches off from the choriocapillaris and nourishes the macula?
Cilioretinal artery
Which layer of the retina is rich in cones and specialized for visual acuity?
Outer nuclear layer
What is the function of perivascular microglia in retinal vascular development?
Removing cellular debris from the vessels
Which layer of the retina is responsible for receiving blood supply from both the choroid and the central retinal artery?
Inner nuclear layer
Where is the choriocapillaris located in relation to the inner nuclear layer?
Below the inner nuclear layer
What is the primary function of the transient layer of Chievitz during retinal development?
It serves as a precursor for the formation of the inner plexiform layer.
Which anatomical feature contributes to the blood-retinal barrier in retinal vessels?
Pigmented epithelium
At what stage during fetal development is retinal lamination essentially complete?
4.5 months
In retinal vascular development, where do the major vessels lie in close proximity to?
Inner limiting membrane
According to Podesta's scheme, what type of capillary arrangement is speculated in the OPL?
Bilevel capillaries with postarteriolar and prevenular distribution
Which of the following statements regarding macula development is correct?
Cone inner fibers in the macula elongate and adopt an oblique orientation, forming the outer plexiform layer of Henle.
Which of the following statements about ganglion cell development is accurate?
By 5.5 months, ganglion cells have thinned out to one to two layers, except in the macular area.
What is the approximate timeframe for normal retinal vascular development in utero?
It begins at 16 weeks' gestation and completes by 40 weeks.
Explore the technique of multispectral digital ophthalmoscopic imaging, which captures high-resolution image data through retinal and subretinal layers to visualize retinal and choroidal circulations. Learn about the expansion of examination wavelength range and enhanced visibility through specific spectral regions.
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