Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of these symptoms are commonly associated with Multiple Sclerosis (MS)?
Which of these symptoms are commonly associated with Multiple Sclerosis (MS)?
- Cognitive loss, impaired vision, and altered mobility
- Muscle weakness, impaired vision, and spasticity
- Slurred speech, bladder and bowel dysfunction, and fatigue
- All of the above (correct)
What is the primary role of MRI in diagnosing Multiple Sclerosis (MS)?
What is the primary role of MRI in diagnosing Multiple Sclerosis (MS)?
- To evaluate the function of different nerve pathways
- To detect the presence of inflammation in the brain and spinal cord
- To identify plaques, lesions, and other abnormalities in the brain and spinal cord (correct)
- To measure the electrical activity of brain cells
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the progressive-relapsing course of Multiple Sclerosis (MS)?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the progressive-relapsing course of Multiple Sclerosis (MS)?
- Periods of symptom stability (remissions)
- Complete recovery from exacerbations (correct)
- Episodes of worsening symptoms (exacerbations)
- A steady decline in neurological function
What is the primary goal of pharmacologic treatment for Multiple Sclerosis (MS)?
What is the primary goal of pharmacologic treatment for Multiple Sclerosis (MS)?
Which of the following is a non-pharmacologic strategy commonly used in the management of Multiple Sclerosis (MS)?
Which of the following is a non-pharmacologic strategy commonly used in the management of Multiple Sclerosis (MS)?
What is the primary pathological change associated with Multiple Sclerosis (MS)?
What is the primary pathological change associated with Multiple Sclerosis (MS)?
Which of the following is a characteristic of Multiple Sclerosis (MS) as a disease?
Which of the following is a characteristic of Multiple Sclerosis (MS) as a disease?
What are the likely consequences of the demyelination process in Multiple Sclerosis (MS)?
What are the likely consequences of the demyelination process in Multiple Sclerosis (MS)?
What is the defining characteristic of the "Relapsing-remitting" clinical course of Multiple Sclerosis (MS)?
What is the defining characteristic of the "Relapsing-remitting" clinical course of Multiple Sclerosis (MS)?
Which clinical course of Multiple Sclerosis (MS) involves a slow, chronic deterioration of neurological function without periods of remission?
Which clinical course of Multiple Sclerosis (MS) involves a slow, chronic deterioration of neurological function without periods of remission?
Which of the following is NOT a proposed factor contributing to the etiology of Multiple Sclerosis (MS)?
Which of the following is NOT a proposed factor contributing to the etiology of Multiple Sclerosis (MS)?
Which of the following statements is TRUE about the prevalence of Multiple Sclerosis (MS)?
Which of the following statements is TRUE about the prevalence of Multiple Sclerosis (MS)?
Which of the following is a potential consequence of the formation of plaques in the central nervous system due to Multiple Sclerosis (MS)?
Which of the following is a potential consequence of the formation of plaques in the central nervous system due to Multiple Sclerosis (MS)?
Flashcards
Multiple Sclerosis (MS)
Multiple Sclerosis (MS)
A chronic inflammatory disease causing CNS demyelination leading to neurological disability.
Demyelination
Demyelination
The process of damage to the myelin sheath surrounding nerve axons.
Pathophysiology of MS
Pathophysiology of MS
Involves scarring and loss of axons in the CNS, affecting nerve conduction.
Relapsing-Remitting MS
Relapsing-Remitting MS
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Primary Progressive MS
Primary Progressive MS
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Secondary Progressive MS
Secondary Progressive MS
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Clinical Isolated Syndrome
Clinical Isolated Syndrome
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Etiology of MS
Etiology of MS
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Progressive-relapsing MS
Progressive-relapsing MS
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Common effects of MS
Common effects of MS
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Visual symptoms in MS
Visual symptoms in MS
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MS Diagnostic Criteria
MS Diagnostic Criteria
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MS Treatment
MS Treatment
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Study Notes
Applied Pathophysiology: A Conceptual Approach to the Mechanisms of Disease
- Lecture material adapted from 2017 Wolters Kluwer Health, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
- Chapter 10: Altered Neuronal Transmission
- Module 4: Clinical Models
- Dr. Romeo Batacan Jr.
- MPAT12001 Medical Pathophysiology Lecture Series
Multiple Sclerosis (MS)
- Demyelinating disorder: damage to myelin nerve sheet
- Occurs in the central nervous system (CNS) or peripheral nervous system (PNS)
- Chronic inflammatory disease, progressive, leading to permanent disability
- Characterized by central nervous system demyelination (destruction of normal myelin on axons in CNS)
- Scarring, formation of plaques, loss of axons
- Leading cause of neurological disability in early adulthood
- 3 times more common in females compared to males, highest prevalence in white populations
- Etiology includes genetic, environmental factors, and autoimmunity. Regional variation, higher incidence in temperate regions
- Clinical symptoms include impaired vision due to optic neuritis, spasticity, paresthesia, slurred speech, fatigue, pain, bladder and bowel dysfunction, impaired extraocular eye movement, loss of vision, altered color perception, nystagmus, and pseudobulbar effect (uncontrolled laughing/crying)
Multiple Sclerosis (MS) Pathophysiology
- Pathophysiology of demyelination
- Presentation of clinical manifestation, including
- Clinically isolated syndrome: initial presentation of symptoms
- Relapsing-remitting: periods of acute neurologic symptoms alternating with periods of symptom relief.
- Primary progressive: steady and continuous deterioration of neurologic function without periods of remission.
- Secondary progressive: started as relapsing-remitting, develops a constant decline in function.
- Progressive-relapsing: steady decline with occasional worsening episodes (relapses).
Multiple Sclerosis (MS) Diagnostic Criteria
- Based on clinical manifestation: presence of signs and symptoms, history, physical exam, neurologic exam and imaging (MRI) and evoked potentials testing.
- Testing electrical activity in special sensory nerve pathways, such as visual evoked potentials (VEPs), brainstem auditory evoked potentials (BAEPs).
- Diagnosis involves combined subjective (symptoms), objective (physical exam findings), and diagnostic tests to assess for lesions.
- Diagnosis often relies on number of flare-ups/clinical attacks, and the number of lesions identified.
Multiple Sclerosis (MS) Treatment
- No cure for MS exists
- Pharmacologic disease-modifying drugs target the symptoms. Delays progression of the disease as well as immunomodulators and immunosuppressants
- Non-pharmacologic methods include balanced rest and activity, and assistive devices
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