Multiple Sclerosis Pathology Quiz

What is the primary pathological characteristic of Multiple Sclerosis?

What cells are responsible for myelinating axons in the CNS?

Which of the following is true regarding the epidemiology of MS?

Which geographic region has the highest prevalence of MS?

In Multiple Sclerosis, which of the following structures is typically preserved?

Which of the following is the most common presenting symptom of MS?

What is Lhermitte’s sign, commonly seen in MS?

What is Uhtoff's phenomenon in the context of MS?

Which of the following symptoms is associated with trigeminal neuralgia in MS?

A 30-year-old patient presents with gait imbalance, vertigo, and diplopia. Which condition should be suspected?

Which symptom of MS is characterized by balance or gait disturbance?

Which of the following symptoms indicates spinal cord involvement in MS?

Which of the following is the most common form of MS at onset?

Which form of MS is characterized by continuous progression of symptoms from the start without remission?

Which of the following indicates an active MS plaque?

What imaging finding indicates an active MS plaque?

What pathological features are seen in a chronic MS plaque?

In the pathogenesis of Multiple Sclerosis, what early process is seen in active plaques?

What is the characteristic macroscopic finding in multiple sclerosis?

What is the appearance of acute MS plaques on gross examination?

Which areas of the CNS can be affected by MS plaques?

What does the blue staining in MS pathology represent?

What inflammatory cells are present in an acute MS plaque on microscopy?

What is a feature of old MS plaques?

Which of the following is preserved in the microscopic examination of an acute MS plaque?

What is the primary method for diagnosing MS?

Which diagnostic criteria is used to confirm Multiple Sclerosis?

According to the McDonald Criteria, what must be demonstrated to diagnose MS?

What additional diagnostic tool can confirm oligoclonal bands supportive of MS?

What is the significance of delayed P100 potentials in MS diagnosis?

A patient has two or more attacks with objective clinical evidence of one lesion. What additional data is needed for MS diagnosis?

Which imaging modality is most commonly used to support the diagnosis of MS?

According to the McDonald Criteria, dissemination in time can be demonstrated by:

What does 'dissemination in space' refer to in the context of MS diagnosis?

What does 'dissemination in time' signify in MS diagnosis?

What is the role of oligoclonal bands (OCBs) in MS diagnosis?

What is required to confirm MS in a patient with two or more attacks and clinical evidence of two or more lesions?

A patient presents with two attacks and clinical evidence of one lesion. What additional evidence is needed for an MS diagnosis?

What does one attack with clinical evidence of two or more lesions indicate in MS diagnosis?

How can 'dissemination in time' be demonstrated in MS diagnosis?

What imaging technique is most useful in demonstrating both dissemination in space and time for MS diagnosis?

Which of the following is the first-line treatment for acute management of a severe MS relapse?

What is the primary aim of using glucocorticoids in the acute management of MS?

Plasma exchange is recommended in MS management for which of the following reasons? (Select one)

Which of the following statements about Disease Modifying Therapy (DMT) in MS is correct? A) It is effective in both relapsing-remitting and primary progressive MS. B) It slows disability progression and reduces relapse rates in relapsing-remitting MS. C) It is primarily used in secondary progressive MS. D) It has no role in long-term management.

What is the standard dose and duration for IV Methylprednisolone in the acute management of MS relapse?

In long-term management of multiple sclerosis (MS), which type of MS is disease-modifying therapy (DMT) recommended for?

When might oral Prednisolone be considered in the acute management of MS?

Which of the following is NOT included in neurodegenerative diseases?

What is a hallmark characteristic of neurodegenerative diseases?

Which protein is associated with neurodegenerative diseases?

What is the pathological sequence in neurodegeneration?

Which mechanism is NOT implicated in neurodegeneration? A. Oxidative stress B. Excitotoxicity C. Programmed cell death D. Autoimmune myelin destruction

Ubiquitin is primarily involved in what process in neurodegeneration?

Which protein is primarily found in extracellular deposits in neurodegenerative diseases?

What is the role of Tau protein in neurons?

Alpha-synuclein is thought to: A. Act as a neurotransmitter B. Maintain synaptic vesicle supply in axon terminals C. Stabilize the neuronal cytoskeleton D. Promote protein degradation

The term 'tauopathy' refers to diseases associated with which protein?

The selective neuronal vulnerability concept means:

Which protein is associated with synucleinopathy?

What is the role of amyloid precursor protein?

Which of the following is associated with akinetic/rigid movement disorders? (Select one)

Which neurodegenerative disease is primarily linked to hyperkinetic movement disorders?

Ataxia in neurodegenerative diseases primarily affects which part of the brain?

Which disease is associated with motor neuron dysfunction, including both upper motor neurons (UMN) and lower motor neurons (LMN)?

In Alzheimer's disease, which part of the brain is primarily affected?

Which protein pathology is most commonly associated with Frontotemporal dementia (FTLD)?

Which neurodegenerative disease is associated with corticobasal degeneration?

Which of the following diseases is associated with alpha-synuclein pathology?

Damage to the frontal lobe can lead to impairments in which of the following behavioral domains? A. Visuospatial skills and sensory integration B. Judgment, abstract reasoning, and emotional control C. Memory and hallucinations D. Receptive language and automatisms

Impairments in visuospatial skills and sensory integration are primarily associated with damage to which part of the brain?

Which area of the brain, when damaged, is most likely to result in memory disorders and hallucinations?

Damage to the temporal neocortex is most commonly associated with which of the following? A. Sensory agnosias B. Receptive dysphasia and automatisms C. Impaired judgment and abstract reasoning D. Visual sensory system failure

Which lobe of the brain is responsible for processing visual sensory information?

What is the unique feature of prion diseases?

Which of the following diseases is associated with spongiform encephalopathy and rapidly progressive dementia with symptoms like hallucinations and myoclonus?

What is the difference between dementia and delirium?

Which brain region is primarily affected in Alzheimer's disease and is noted during macroscopic examination?

Which of the following features is NOT a cardinal sign of Parkinson’s disease?

What is the characteristic microscopic finding in Parkinson's disease?

In motor neuron disease (ALS), which protein is often implicated?

Which of the following is NOT typically a feature of ALS (Motor Neuron Disease)?

Which of the following is the first step in the investigation of cognitive decline in suspected neurodegenerative diseases?

Which of the following is typically excluded during the investigation of neurodegenerative diseases to rule out reversible causes of cognitive decline?

What does brain imaging (CT, MRI, or PET) help assess in patients with neurodegenerative diseases?

What protein is commonly associated with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) at the microscopic level?

Which of the following symptoms is characteristic of ALS?

What is the typical age of onset for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)?

Which of the following pathologic findings would you expect in the spinal cord of a patient with ALS?

What is the cause of death in most patients with ALS?

Which of the following investigations is rarely used in the diagnosis of neurodegenerative diseases but may be performed to identify treatable causes?