Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which type of Multiple Sclerosis is characterized by steadily worsening symptoms without remission?
Which type of Multiple Sclerosis is characterized by steadily worsening symptoms without remission?
- PPMS (primary progressive) (correct)
- RRMS (relapse-remitting)
- CPMS (chronic progressive)
- SPMS (secondary progressive)
Where do scars (lesions/plaques) commonly accumulate in Multiple Sclerosis?
Where do scars (lesions/plaques) commonly accumulate in Multiple Sclerosis?
- White matter of the brain (correct)
- Muscle tissue
- Gray matter of the brain
- Peripheral nerves
Why is it often hard to diagnose Multiple Sclerosis early in the disease onset?
Why is it often hard to diagnose Multiple Sclerosis early in the disease onset?
- Because MS only affects the peripheral nervous system
- Because MS is a genetic disease
- Due to the presence of definitive diagnostic tests
- Because MS is largely idiopathic (correct)
What is the most common onset age for Multiple Sclerosis?
What is the most common onset age for Multiple Sclerosis?
Which risk factor is known to be causally linked to Multiple Sclerosis?
Which risk factor is known to be causally linked to Multiple Sclerosis?
What is the pathological hallmark to look for in the diagnosis of Multiple Sclerosis?
What is the pathological hallmark to look for in the diagnosis of Multiple Sclerosis?
What is the primary route of entry for activated T-cells and B-cells into the CNS during the neuroinflammatory response in Multiple Sclerosis?
What is the primary route of entry for activated T-cells and B-cells into the CNS during the neuroinflammatory response in Multiple Sclerosis?
Which of the following is NOT among the increased levels of chemokines and cytokines during the neuroinflammatory response in Multiple Sclerosis?
Which of the following is NOT among the increased levels of chemokines and cytokines during the neuroinflammatory response in Multiple Sclerosis?
Which of the following statements about the approved drugs for Multiple Sclerosis treatment is accurate?
Which of the following statements about the approved drugs for Multiple Sclerosis treatment is accurate?
Which type of cells does Interferon-β (IFN-β) primarily inhibit in Multiple Sclerosis (MS)?
Which type of cells does Interferon-β (IFN-β) primarily inhibit in Multiple Sclerosis (MS)?
What is the primary mechanism of action of Myelin Basic Protein Mimics in treating MS?
What is the primary mechanism of action of Myelin Basic Protein Mimics in treating MS?
What is the pregnancy safety category of Interferon-β (IFN-β)?
What is the pregnancy safety category of Interferon-β (IFN-β)?
What is the dosing frequency of Interferon-β (IFN-β) in treating MS?
What is the dosing frequency of Interferon-β (IFN-β) in treating MS?
Which of the following is a known side effect of Interferon-β (IFN-β) treatment in MS?
Which of the following is a known side effect of Interferon-β (IFN-β) treatment in MS?
What is the primary mechanism of action of fingolimod in treating RRMS?
What is the primary mechanism of action of fingolimod in treating RRMS?
What are the potential side effects of fingolimod treatment?
What are the potential side effects of fingolimod treatment?
How does the efficacy of fingolimod compare to Interferon-β (IFN-β) for reducing relapses in RRMS?
How does the efficacy of fingolimod compare to Interferon-β (IFN-β) for reducing relapses in RRMS?
Which medication for RRMS interferes with pyrimidine synthesis to prevent DNA replication in proliferating B and T-cells?
Which medication for RRMS interferes with pyrimidine synthesis to prevent DNA replication in proliferating B and T-cells?
Which medication for RRMS causes an antioxidant response and multiple changes in immune pathway, including increased T- and B-cell apoptosis?
Which medication for RRMS causes an antioxidant response and multiple changes in immune pathway, including increased T- and B-cell apoptosis?
Which medication for RRMS has a pregnancy safety category of X and is associated with side effects such as hair thinning and liver enzyme changes?
Which medication for RRMS has a pregnancy safety category of X and is associated with side effects such as hair thinning and liver enzyme changes?
Which medication for RRMS preferentially depletes peripheral B- and T-cells lymphocytes while preserving other immune cells/blood cells?
Which medication for RRMS preferentially depletes peripheral B- and T-cells lymphocytes while preserving other immune cells/blood cells?
Which medication for RRMS is associated with side effects such as opportunistic infections, thyroid autoimmune effects, and malignancies?
Which medication for RRMS is associated with side effects such as opportunistic infections, thyroid autoimmune effects, and malignancies?
Which medication for RRMS causes a significant reduction in relapse and disease progression but is associated with lymphopenia and a higher risk of severe infections and tumors?
Which medication for RRMS causes a significant reduction in relapse and disease progression but is associated with lymphopenia and a higher risk of severe infections and tumors?
Which medication for RRMS is administered orally in short cycles and is a prodrug that is phosphorylated to an active purine nucleoside analogue?
Which medication for RRMS is administered orally in short cycles and is a prodrug that is phosphorylated to an active purine nucleoside analogue?
Which medication for RRMS, when administered by IV every 4 weeks, has been shown to improve relapse rates and reduce the number of new CNS lesions and brain volume loss, but has high efficacy and high risk, with pregnancy safety being unknown?
Which medication for RRMS, when administered by IV every 4 weeks, has been shown to improve relapse rates and reduce the number of new CNS lesions and brain volume loss, but has high efficacy and high risk, with pregnancy safety being unknown?
Which medication for RRMS targets a cell-surface molecule predominantly found on T and B cells, leading to rapid and long-lasting depletion of these cells by cytolysis?
Which medication for RRMS targets a cell-surface molecule predominantly found on T and B cells, leading to rapid and long-lasting depletion of these cells by cytolysis?
Which medication for RRMS targets CD20 on B-cells only (not stem cells) and is the only available treatment for PPMS, with a cost of $40 – 50K per year (USD)?
Which medication for RRMS targets CD20 on B-cells only (not stem cells) and is the only available treatment for PPMS, with a cost of $40 – 50K per year (USD)?
Which medication for RRMS binds to the α4 subunit of integrins on leukocytes to prevent adhesion to endothelial cells, thus preventing lymphocyte migration across the blood-brain barrier?
Which medication for RRMS binds to the α4 subunit of integrins on leukocytes to prevent adhesion to endothelial cells, thus preventing lymphocyte migration across the blood-brain barrier?
What is the primary purpose of AHSCT (autologous haematopoietic stem cell transplant) in treating aggressive MS?
What is the primary purpose of AHSCT (autologous haematopoietic stem cell transplant) in treating aggressive MS?
Which treatment has been shown to have no evidence of helping those with non-active MS?
Which treatment has been shown to have no evidence of helping those with non-active MS?
What is the primary reason for the use of NSAIDs in Alzheimer's Disease (AD) according to epidemiological studies?
What is the primary reason for the use of NSAIDs in Alzheimer's Disease (AD) according to epidemiological studies?
What is the primary shared neuroinflammatory pathway between Alzheimer's Disease (AD) and MS?
What is the primary shared neuroinflammatory pathway between Alzheimer's Disease (AD) and MS?
Which type of stem cell treatments for MS remain experimental only?
Which type of stem cell treatments for MS remain experimental only?
