Multicellular Organisms and Their Systems
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Questions and Answers

What is the smallest building block of a multicellular organism?

  • Cell (correct)
  • Tissue
  • Organ
  • System

Which level of organization involves a group of tissues working together?

  • Cell
  • System
  • Organ (correct)
  • Organism

Which of the following describes a system in multicellular organisms?

  • A group of cells working together
  • A group of tissues specialized for a function
  • A group of cells forming an organism
  • A group of organs working together (correct)

What do you call all the bones in the body?

<p>Skeleton (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of increasing complexity, which of the following is correct?

<p>Cell → Tissue → Organ → System (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the leaf in a plant?

<p>To absorb sunlight for photosynthesis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of joint allows for movement in all directions?

<p>Ball-and-socket joints (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following accurately describes hinge joints?

<p>Enable forwards/backwards movement only (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes fixed joints?

<p>They allow no movement at all. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens when you breathe out fully into a plastic tube submerged in water?

<p>Water is pushed out of the bottle (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the diaphragm in the breathing process?

<p>It aids in expanding and contracting the lungs (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does cartilage play in human joints?

<p>It protects bones from friction. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the muscles between the ribs when we inhale?

<p>They contract. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which bone is part of the knee joint?

<p>Femur (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of ligaments in the human body?

<p>To hold two bones together. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a plastic jug full of water demonstrate when air is pushed from the lungs?

<p>The volume of air in the lungs is reduced (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What component of a plant holds it upright during growth?

<p>Stem (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the composition of air in the lungs primarily used for?

<p>Facilitating gas exchange. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are muscles classified as?

<p>A type of tissue that causes movement (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where do plants primarily obtain minerals necessary for their growth?

<p>From the soil through their roots (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the diaphragm when you inhale?

<p>It contracts and flattens. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle type is responsible for contracting the biceps?

<p>Skeletal muscle (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What occurs to the volume of the chest during inhalation?

<p>It increases. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which gas is primarily inhaled during the breathing process?

<p>Oxygen, O2 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the pressure inside the chest cavity as the diaphragm contracts during inhalation?

<p>It decreases. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following muscles relaxes when the biceps contracts?

<p>Triceps (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of carbon dioxide is typically found in inhaled air?

<p>0.04% (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What connects muscles to bones?

<p>Tendons (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the lungs in the respiratory system?

<p>To remove carbon dioxide and take in oxygen (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organ is responsible for pumping blood throughout the body?

<p>Heart (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What function does the liver serve regarding toxins?

<p>It filters toxins from the blood (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What function do the kidneys perform?

<p>They filter blood and remove waste (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a function of the skeleton?

<p>Produce toxins (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the stomach in the digestive system?

<p>To digest food (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following bones is part of the ribcage?

<p>Sternum (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key function of the skeletal system?

<p>To support the body's structure (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the composition of exhaled air?

<p>0.04% carbon dioxide, 16% oxygen, 79% nitrogen (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do antagonistic muscles function?

<p>When one contracts, the other relaxes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What occurs to the pressure inside the chest during exhalation?

<p>Pressure increases due to decreasing volume (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do muscles play in movement?

<p>They contract to pull bones and create movement (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which gas is primarily exhaled in the smallest percentage when breathing?

<p>Carbon dioxide (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary action of the muscles between the ribs during inhalation?

<p>They contract, pulling the ribs up and out (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not a component of air composition when breathing in?

<p>Helium (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Cell

The smallest functional unit of a living organism.

Tissue

A group of similar cells working together to perform a specific function.

Organ

A structure made up of different tissues that work together to perform a specific function.

Organ system

A group of organs that work together to perform a major function in the body.

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Organism

A complete living being made up of many cells, tissues, organs, and organ systems.

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Respiration

The process by which the body takes in oxygen and releases carbon dioxide.

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Lungs

The organ responsible for taking in oxygen from the air.

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Inhalation

The process of breathing in air.

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Exhalation

The process of breathing out air.

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Support

The primary function of the skeleton, providing the body with its shape and structure.

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Protection

The skeleton safeguards delicate organs like the brain and heart.

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Movement

The skeleton allows the body to move by providing points of attachment for muscles.

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Blood Cell Production

The process of creating blood cells, occurring within the bone marrow.

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Stem

The part of a plant that holds it upright and transports water and nutrients.

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Leaf

Green part of a plant that absorbs sunlight for photosynthesis.

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Photosynthesis

The process by which plants use sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide to make food.

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Diaphragm

A large, dome-shaped muscle below the lungs that helps with breathing.

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Ball-and-socket joint

A type of joint that allows movement in all directions, like the shoulder.

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Hinge joint

A type of joint that allows only forward and backward movement, like the knee.

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Femur

The largest bone in the human leg.

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Kneecap

The kneecap.

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Ribs

The bones that form the rib cage, protecting the heart and lungs.

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Oxygen (O2)

The main gas we inhale, making up about 21% of the air.

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Carbon Dioxide (CO2)

The gas we exhale, a waste product of cellular respiration.

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Skeletal Muscle

A type of muscle attached to bones, allowing movement by contracting and relaxing.

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Cardiac Muscle

A type of muscle found only in the heart, responsible for pumping blood throughout the body.

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Fixed Joint

A type of joint that allows no movement, like in the skull.

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Root

The part of a plant that anchors it into the ground and absorbs water and minerals.

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Ligaments

Strong tissues that connect bones together in a joint.

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Cartilage

A smooth, slippery tissue that covers the ends of bones in a joint.

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Muscle Tissue

Muscles are made of many cells that work together to allow movement.

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Breathing

The process of taking in air, which helps to provide oxygen to our body.

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Lung Volume

The amount of air that can be held in the lungs.

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Muscles Between Ribs

Muscles in the chest that help with breathing by contracting and expanding the chest cavity.

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Antagonistic Muscles

Muscles that work in pairs to produce movement by contracting and relaxing.

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Inhaled Air

Air that is breathed in, containing more oxygen and less carbon dioxide.

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Exhaled Air

Air that is breathed out, containing more carbon dioxide and less oxygen.

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Nitrogen

The largest component of inhaled air.

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Oxygen

The gas essential for life, used by our bodies to produce energy.

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Carbon Dioxide

A waste gas produced by our bodies during energy production.

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Study Notes

Multicellular Organisms

  • Multicellular organisms are made of many cells, with five levels of organization: cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, and organisms.

Plant and Animal Organs

  • Examples of plant organs include roots, stems, and leaves.
  • Examples of animal organs include the brain, heart, liver, intestines, lungs, stomach, kidneys, and bladder.
  • Each organ has a specific function.

Respiratory System

  • The respiratory system is involved in breathing.
  • This system includes processes for taking in oxygen for respiration and breathing out carbon dioxide.

Skeleton

  • The skeleton is comprised of bones, with four primary functions: providing support, protecting organs, enabling movement, and producing blood cells in the bone marrow.
  • Bones are connected by joints.
  • The three types of joints are hinge joints (e.g., knees), ball-and-socket joints (e.g., shoulders), and fixed joints (e.g., skull).
  • Cartilage protects the bones at the joints, and ligaments hold the bones together.

Muscles

  • Muscles are tissues composed of muscle cells that work together for movement.
  • Muscle types include cardiac (heart), smooth, and skeletal muscles.
  • Skeletal muscles are connected to bones by tendons, and these muscles cause movement by contracting.
  • Antagonistic muscles work together; when one contracts, the other relaxes.
    • Example: biceps and triceps.

Breathing Mechanism

  • When inhaling:
    • Ribs move up and out
    • Diaphragm contracts and flattens
    • Chest volume increases
    • Chest pressure decreases
    • Air rushes into the lungs
  • When exhaling:
    • Ribs move down and in
    • Diaphragm relaxes and moves up
    • Chest volume decreases
    • Chest pressure increases
    • Air is pushed out

Measuring Lung Volume

  • Lung volume can be measured by displacing water in a bottle when air is breathed out.

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B1 Chapter 2: Structure and Function of Body Systems PDF

Description

Explore the fascinating world of multicellular organisms through this quiz, which covers various levels of organization, plant and animal organs, the respiratory system, and the skeletal system. Test your knowledge on the structure and function of different organs and systems.

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