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Multi-Stage Extraction in Pharmaceutical Processing

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Multi-Stage Extraction in Pharmaceutical Processing

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of a Podbielniak extractor in large-scale production?

Extraction of alkaloids

Sterilization of equipment

Purification of antibiotics

Centrifugal separation of phases (correct)

What is the term for the liquid stream that remains after solutes from the original liquid are removed through contact with an immiscible liquid/solvent?

Raffinate (correct)

Eluent

Extract

Solvent

What is the primary equipment used for the recovery of solvent from marc?

Separating funnel

Hydraulic press (correct)

Stirred tank

Centrifuge

What is the purpose of shaking the separating funnel gently by inverting it multiple times?

To mix the two phases thoroughly Signup and view all the answers

What is the shape of the separating funnel?

Cone-shaped Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the stopcock at the bottom of the separating funnel?

To remove the lower phase Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the siphon in the Soxhlet apparatus?

To allow the menstruum to fall back into the flask Signup and view all the answers

What is the advantage of circulatory extraction over other methods?

It minimizes local concentrations and reduces boundary layers Signup and view all the answers

What is the disadvantage of using the Soxhlet apparatus?

It is not suitable for thermolabile constituents Signup and view all the answers

In the Soxhlet apparatus, what happens to the vapors after they pass through the side tube?

They are condensed and fall back into the flask Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the extraction chamber in the Soxhlet apparatus?

To extract the active constituents from the drug Signup and view all the answers

How many times is the process of filling and emptying the extractor typically repeated in the Soxhlet apparatus?

What is the limitation of the normal maceration process?

The extraction is incomplete due to equilibrium Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of using a multi-stage process in extraction?

To overcome the limitation of incomplete extraction Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the spray distributors in the extraction equipment?

To spray the solvent onto the drug Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the vessel in the extraction equipment?

To hold the drug and solvent Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of removing the drug from the extractor and recharging in step 4 of the procedure?

To repeat the extraction cycle Signup and view all the answers

What is the advantage of using a multi-stage extraction process?

It achieves complete extraction Signup and view all the answers