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Questions and Answers
Name the important sources that provide information about the Mughals. (Select all that apply)
Name the important sources that provide information about the Mughals. (Select all that apply)
- The Red Fort (correct)
- The Jama Masjid (correct)
- The Taj Mahal at Agra (correct)
- Ain-I Akbari by Abul Fazl (correct)
Who wrote the Ain-I Akbari?
Who wrote the Ain-I Akbari?
Abul Fazl
The Ain-I Akbari is divided into four books.
The Ain-I Akbari is divided into four books.
False (B)
What does the first book of the Ain-I Akbari deal with?
What does the first book of the Ain-I Akbari deal with?
The Taj Mahal was built by ______ in memory of his beloved wife Mumtaz Mahal.
The Taj Mahal was built by ______ in memory of his beloved wife Mumtaz Mahal.
The Taj Mahal is located in Delhi.
The Taj Mahal is located in Delhi.
What is the architectural style of the Taj Mahal?
What is the architectural style of the Taj Mahal?
The Taj Mahal is made entirely of white marble.
The Taj Mahal is made entirely of white marble.
What is the primary purpose of the Jama Masjid?
What is the primary purpose of the Jama Masjid?
The Jama Masjid was built by Akbar.
The Jama Masjid was built by Akbar.
Who built the Red Fort?
Who built the Red Fort?
The Red Fort is located in Agra.
The Red Fort is located in Agra.
What is the ceremonial importance of the Red Fort today?
What is the ceremonial importance of the Red Fort today?
The three important buildings within the Red Fort are the Diwan-i-Aam, Diwan-i-Khas, and the ______.
The three important buildings within the Red Fort are the Diwan-i-Aam, Diwan-i-Khas, and the ______.
Who fought in the First Battle of Panipat? (Select all that apply)
Who fought in the First Battle of Panipat? (Select all that apply)
Who won the First Battle of Panipat?
Who won the First Battle of Panipat?
The Battle of Khanwa was fought between Babur and Ibrahim Lodhi.
The Battle of Khanwa was fought between Babur and Ibrahim Lodhi.
The Battle of Ghagra was Babur's final battle.
The Battle of Ghagra was Babur's final battle.
Who was defeated by Akbar in the Battle of Haldighati?
Who was defeated by Akbar in the Battle of Haldighati?
Akbar entered into marriage alliances with the Rajputs.
Akbar entered into marriage alliances with the Rajputs.
Akbar granted complete religious freedom to his Hindu wives and their families.
Akbar granted complete religious freedom to his Hindu wives and their families.
Akbar abolished the poll tax or jizyah on non-Muslims.
Akbar abolished the poll tax or jizyah on non-Muslims.
Akbar enforced the conversion of prisoners of war to Islam.
Akbar enforced the conversion of prisoners of war to Islam.
What was the name of the new faith Akbar promulgated?
What was the name of the new faith Akbar promulgated?
The Ibadat Khana was a place where Akbar gathered theologians of all religions to discuss religious matters.
The Ibadat Khana was a place where Akbar gathered theologians of all religions to discuss religious matters.
Akbar legalized widow remarriage.
Akbar legalized widow remarriage.
Akbar opposed polygamy.
Akbar opposed polygamy.
Akbar's Din-i-Illahi was based on the principle of oneness of God.
Akbar's Din-i-Illahi was based on the principle of oneness of God.
What was the basic purpose of Akbar's Din-i-Illahi?
What was the basic purpose of Akbar's Din-i-Illahi?
The Ibadat Khana was built at Fatehpur Sikri.
The Ibadat Khana was built at Fatehpur Sikri.
What was the position of the Mughal Emperor?
What was the position of the Mughal Emperor?
The Mughal Emperor was the only person authorized to appoint and remove military commanders.
The Mughal Emperor was the only person authorized to appoint and remove military commanders.
What was the name of the official document that was affixed to farmans granting appointments, titles, and jagirs?
What was the name of the official document that was affixed to farmans granting appointments, titles, and jagirs?
What was the role of the Vakil in the Mughal administration?
What was the role of the Vakil in the Mughal administration?
What was the title of the head of the revenue department?
What was the title of the head of the revenue department?
Who was the head of the military department?
Who was the head of the military department?
Who was the head of the judicial department?
Who was the head of the judicial department?
The Mughal Empire was divided into twelve provinces, each headed by a Subahdar.
The Mughal Empire was divided into twelve provinces, each headed by a Subahdar.
Subahs were further divided into parganas, which were the smallest administrative unit.
Subahs were further divided into parganas, which were the smallest administrative unit.
Mansabdars were individuals holding a position or rank in the Mughal Empire.
Mansabdars were individuals holding a position or rank in the Mughal Empire.
The mansabdari system was introduced by Jahangir.
The mansabdari system was introduced by Jahangir.
Highest rank in the mansabdari system was 10.
Highest rank in the mansabdari system was 10.
Zat and sawar ranks were used to determine the personal status and salary of a mansabdar.
Zat and sawar ranks were used to determine the personal status and salary of a mansabdar.
A higher zat rank meant a lower salary for the mansabdar.
A higher zat rank meant a lower salary for the mansabdar.
Jahangir reduced the average rate of zat salary from Rs. 240 per annum to Rs. 200 per annum.
Jahangir reduced the average rate of zat salary from Rs. 240 per annum to Rs. 200 per annum.
During Aurangzeb's reign, there was a decrease in the number of mansabdars.
During Aurangzeb's reign, there was a decrease in the number of mansabdars.
Flashcards
Ain-i Akbari
Ain-i Akbari
A historical account and important source for understanding Akbar's reign, particularly its administration and culture.
Taj Mahal
Taj Mahal
A mausoleum built by Shah Jahan for his wife Mumtaz Mahal, showcasing exquisite architecture.
Jama Masjid
Jama Masjid
A large mosque built by Shah Jahan, known for its spacious courtyard and grand architecture.
Red Fort
Red Fort
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First Battle of Panipat
First Battle of Panipat
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Akbar's policy towards Rajputs
Akbar's policy towards Rajputs
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Akbar's religious tolerance policy
Akbar's religious tolerance policy
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Battle of Haldighati
Battle of Haldighati
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Study Notes
Important Sources about Mughals
- Mughal chronicles (e.g., Akbarnama, Baburnama, Jahangirnama)
- Contemporary accounts by foreign travelers (e.g., Francois Bernier, Peter Mundy)
- Archaeological remains (e.g., Taj Mahal, Red Fort)
- Coins and inscriptions
Ain-I Akbari
- Written by Abu'l Fazl
- Divided into four books:
- First book: Deals with administration, revenue, and military organization
- Second book: Deals with religious matters and social customs
- Third book: Deals with agriculture and natural resources
- Fourth book: Deals with various aspects of Mughal society
Taj Mahal
- Built by Mughal emperor Shah Jahan in memory of his wife, Mumtaz Mahal
- Located in Agra, not Delhi
- Architectural style is Indo-Islamic architecture, blending Persian and Indian elements
- Built entirely of white marble
- Primary purpose is a tomb, a symbol of love and devotion
Jama Masjid
- Built by Mughal emperor Shah Jahan, not Akbar
- Primary purpose is a mosque, a place of worship for Muslims
Red Fort
- Built by Mughal emperor Shah Jahan
- Located in Delhi, not Agra
- Ceremonial importance: It's the venue for the Prime Minister's address to the nation on Independence Day
- Important buildings inside include the Diwan-i-Aam (Hall of Public Audience), Diwan-i-Khas (Hall of Private Audience), and the Moti Masjid (Pearl Mosque)
First Battle of Panipat
- Fought in 1526
- Fought between Babur and Ibrahim Lodhi
- Babur won the battle
Battle of Khanwa
- Fought between Babur and Rana Sanga
- Not fought between Babur and Ibrahim Lodhi
Battle of Ghagra
- Babur's last battle before his death
- He defeated the combined forces of the Afghan chiefs
Battle of Haldighati
- Fought between Akbar and Maharana Pratap of Mewar
- Akbar won the battle.
Akbar’s Religious Policies
- Akbar entered into marriage alliances with Rajput rulers as a means to strengthen his empire and forge alliances
- Granted complete religious freedom to his Hindu wives and their families
- Abolished the poll tax or jizyah levied on non-Muslims
- Did not force prisoners of war to convert to Islam; he generally respected religious freedoms.
Akbar's Din-i-Illahi
- New faith propagated by Akbar
- Based on the principle of oneness of God
- Not meant to replace existing religions but aimed to unify people of different faiths
- Not a structured religion but a set of moral principles
Ibadat Khana
- Place of worship where Akbar gathered scholars of different religions to discuss religious matters.
- Built at Fatehpur Sikri, not Agra
Mughal Administration
- Emperor was at the top of the administration, holding absolute power
- Only the Emperor could appoint and dismiss military commanders
- Official document for appointments, titles, and jagirs was a farman (imperial decree)
- Vakils were intermediaries between the emperor and the people
- Diwan was the head of the revenue department
- Mir Bakshi was the head of the military department
- Qazi was the head of the judicial department
Mansabdari System
- Introduced by Akbar
- System for ranking and assigning responsibilities to officials within the empire
- Mansabdars held a position or rank
- Highest rank was 10
- Zat and Sawar were used to determine salary and personal status of a mansabdar
- Not a lower salary for a higher Zat rank; a higher rank yielded a higher salary
- Jahangir reduced the average zat salary from Rs. 240 per annum to Rs. 200 per annum
- During Aurangzeb’s reign, there was a decline in the number of mansabdars
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