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Questions and Answers
What was a major consequence of Aurangzeb's death in 1707?
What was a major factor contributing to the economic decline of the Mughal Empire?
Which of the following was a result of the War of Succession (1707-1713)?
What was the outcome of Nizam-ul-Mulk's Rebellion (1713-1719)?
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What was a major external pressure that contributed to the decline of the Mughal Empire?
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What was a result of the Sikh and Maratha uprisings?
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What was a consequence of the decline of the Mughal Empire?
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What was the outcome of the British East India Company's expansion in India?
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Who launched multiple invasions that weakened the Mughal Empire?
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What happened to the last Mughal emperor, Bahadur Shah II?
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What was a result of the Mughals losing control over their territories?
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Study Notes
Decline of the Mughal Empire
Causes of Decline
- Weakened Central Authority: The death of Aurangzeb in 1707 led to a succession crisis, with multiple claimants to the throne, resulting in a weakened central authority.
- Regionalism and Provincialism: The Mughal Empire's vast territories and diverse populations led to regionalism and provincialism, with local leaders and nobles asserting their autonomy.
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Economic Decline: The empire's economy suffered from:
- Over-reliance on land revenue
- Decline of trade and commerce
- Corruption and mismanagement of resources
- Military Decline: The Mughal army's strength and discipline declined, making it vulnerable to external threats.
Internal Struggles and Conflicts
- War of Succession (1707-1713): A series of wars between Aurangzeb's sons and other claimants to the throne, leading to a power vacuum.
- Nizam-ul-Mulk's Rebellion (1713-1719): The governor of the Deccan province, Nizam-ul-Mulk, declared independence and established the Hyderabad State.
- Sikh and Maratha Uprisings: The Sikhs and Marathas, who were previously allies of the Mughals, began to challenge Mughal authority and eventually carved out their own territories.
External Pressures and Invasions
- Nadir Shah's Invasion (1739): The Persian ruler Nadir Shah invaded the Mughal Empire, plundering Delhi and weakening the empire's defenses.
- Durrani Invasions (1748-1767): The Afghan ruler Ahmad Shah Durrani launched multiple invasions, further weakening the empire.
- British East India Company's Expansion: The British East India Company's expansion in India, particularly in Bengal, led to the eventual decline of the Mughal Empire.
Consequences of Decline
- Break-up of the Empire: The Mughal Empire fragmented into smaller kingdoms and principalities, with regional powers and European colonizers filling the power vacuum.
- Loss of Territorial Control: The Mughals lost control over many of their territories, including Bengal, Hyderabad, and the Punjab region.
- End of the Mughal Dynasty: The last Mughal emperor, Bahadur Shah II, was exiled to Burma (Myanmar) by the British in 1857, marking the end of the Mughal dynasty.
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Description
Learn about the causes, internal struggles, external pressures, and consequences of the Mughal Empire's decline. Explore the factors that led to the downfall of this powerful empire.
