Mughal Empire Decline
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Questions and Answers

What was a major consequence of Aurangzeb's death in 1707?

  • A succession crisis led to a weakened central authority (correct)
  • The Mughal Empire expanded its territories
  • The Mughal army became more powerful and disciplined
  • Trade and commerce flourished in the empire
  • What was a major factor contributing to the economic decline of the Mughal Empire?

  • The strength and discipline of the Mughal army
  • Over-reliance on trade and commerce
  • The empire's vast territories and diverse populations
  • Over-reliance on land revenue (correct)
  • Which of the following was a result of the War of Succession (1707-1713)?

  • The Mughal Empire expanded its territories
  • Trade and commerce flourished in the empire
  • A power vacuum was created (correct)
  • The Mughal army became more powerful and disciplined
  • What was the outcome of Nizam-ul-Mulk's Rebellion (1713-1719)?

    <p>The Hyderabad State was established</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a major external pressure that contributed to the decline of the Mughal Empire?

    <p>The invasion of Nadir Shah in 1739</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a result of the Sikh and Maratha uprisings?

    <p>The Sikhs and Marathas carved out their own territories</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a consequence of the decline of the Mughal Empire?

    <p>The break-up of the empire into smaller kingdoms and principalities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the outcome of the British East India Company's expansion in India?

    <p>The eventual decline of the Mughal Empire</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who launched multiple invasions that weakened the Mughal Empire?

    <p>Ahmad Shah Durrani, the Afghan ruler</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happened to the last Mughal emperor, Bahadur Shah II?

    <p>He was exiled to Burma (Myanmar) by the British</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a result of the Mughals losing control over their territories?

    <p>Regional powers and European colonizers filled the power vacuum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Decline of the Mughal Empire

    Causes of Decline

    • Weakened Central Authority: The death of Aurangzeb in 1707 led to a succession crisis, with multiple claimants to the throne, resulting in a weakened central authority.
    • Regionalism and Provincialism: The Mughal Empire's vast territories and diverse populations led to regionalism and provincialism, with local leaders and nobles asserting their autonomy.
    • Economic Decline: The empire's economy suffered from:
      • Over-reliance on land revenue
      • Decline of trade and commerce
      • Corruption and mismanagement of resources
    • Military Decline: The Mughal army's strength and discipline declined, making it vulnerable to external threats.

    Internal Struggles and Conflicts

    • War of Succession (1707-1713): A series of wars between Aurangzeb's sons and other claimants to the throne, leading to a power vacuum.
    • Nizam-ul-Mulk's Rebellion (1713-1719): The governor of the Deccan province, Nizam-ul-Mulk, declared independence and established the Hyderabad State.
    • Sikh and Maratha Uprisings: The Sikhs and Marathas, who were previously allies of the Mughals, began to challenge Mughal authority and eventually carved out their own territories.

    External Pressures and Invasions

    • Nadir Shah's Invasion (1739): The Persian ruler Nadir Shah invaded the Mughal Empire, plundering Delhi and weakening the empire's defenses.
    • Durrani Invasions (1748-1767): The Afghan ruler Ahmad Shah Durrani launched multiple invasions, further weakening the empire.
    • British East India Company's Expansion: The British East India Company's expansion in India, particularly in Bengal, led to the eventual decline of the Mughal Empire.

    Consequences of Decline

    • Break-up of the Empire: The Mughal Empire fragmented into smaller kingdoms and principalities, with regional powers and European colonizers filling the power vacuum.
    • Loss of Territorial Control: The Mughals lost control over many of their territories, including Bengal, Hyderabad, and the Punjab region.
    • End of the Mughal Dynasty: The last Mughal emperor, Bahadur Shah II, was exiled to Burma (Myanmar) by the British in 1857, marking the end of the Mughal dynasty.

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    Learn about the causes, internal struggles, external pressures, and consequences of the Mughal Empire's decline. Explore the factors that led to the downfall of this powerful empire.

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