Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following is the main function of the mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN)?
Which of the following is the main function of the mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN)?
- To collect lymph, cells, and antigens from the intestinal mucosa (correct)
- To attach the gut to the posterior abdominal wall
- To induce oral tolerance
- To serve as training centers for immune cells
What is the definition of oral tolerance?
What is the definition of oral tolerance?
- The collection of lymph, cells, and antigens from the intestinal mucosa
- The attachment of the gut to the posterior abdominal wall
- The avoidance of an immune response to foodstuffs and other matter (correct)
- The induction of immune response to foodstuffs and other matter
Which of the following is NOT a location of the mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN)?
Which of the following is NOT a location of the mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN)?
- Sigmoid nodes
- Terminal ileum
- Pancreas (correct)
- Superior mesenteric nodes
Which of the following is considered an organ in its own right since 2012?
Which of the following is considered an organ in its own right since 2012?
What is the main site for oral tolerance induction?
What is the main site for oral tolerance induction?
Which of the following is NOT a function of the mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN)?
Which of the following is NOT a function of the mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN)?
Which type of immunoglobulin is the main immunoglobulin secreted in the gut mucosa?
Which type of immunoglobulin is the main immunoglobulin secreted in the gut mucosa?
What is the role of commensal gut flora in IgA responses?
What is the role of commensal gut flora in IgA responses?
How do antigen-primed B-cells and T-cells reach the gut mucosa?
How do antigen-primed B-cells and T-cells reach the gut mucosa?
What is the process by which antigen-primed B and T-cells enter the gut mucosa called?
What is the process by which antigen-primed B and T-cells enter the gut mucosa called?
What is the role of Vitamin A in the 'homing' patterns of naïve B and T-cells?
What is the role of Vitamin A in the 'homing' patterns of naïve B and T-cells?
Besides Peyer's patches, which lymph nodes play a major role as induction sites in the gut mucosa?
Besides Peyer's patches, which lymph nodes play a major role as induction sites in the gut mucosa?
Which antibody is the main antibody found in secretions?
Which antibody is the main antibody found in secretions?
What is the role of the Poly-Ig receptor?
What is the role of the Poly-Ig receptor?
What is the function of secreted IgM?
What is the function of secreted IgM?
What is the reason that ligation of TLRs on the basolateral surface of gut epithelial cells does not trigger inflammation?
What is the reason that ligation of TLRs on the basolateral surface of gut epithelial cells does not trigger inflammation?
What does gut homing of B- and T-cells mean?
What does gut homing of B- and T-cells mean?
What induces the expression of the chemokine receptor CCR9 and increased expression of integrin α4β7 on primed T-cells and B-cells?
What induces the expression of the chemokine receptor CCR9 and increased expression of integrin α4β7 on primed T-cells and B-cells?
Which of the following is true about Mesenteric Lymph Nodes (MLN)?
Which of the following is true about Mesenteric Lymph Nodes (MLN)?
Which organ is responsible for maintaining food tolerance and protecting against microbes/microbial products in the portal vein?
Which organ is responsible for maintaining food tolerance and protecting against microbes/microbial products in the portal vein?
What are the features of Intraepithelial Lymphocytes (IEL)?
What are the features of Intraepithelial Lymphocytes (IEL)?
What types of T-cells are found in the Lamina propria and intraepithelial lymphocyte compartment?
What types of T-cells are found in the Lamina propria and intraepithelial lymphocyte compartment?
What is the role of NKG2D receptor expressed on T-cells in the gut?
What is the role of NKG2D receptor expressed on T-cells in the gut?
What cytokines are produced by T regulatory (Treg) cells in response to harmless commensals?
What cytokines are produced by T regulatory (Treg) cells in response to harmless commensals?
Which of the following best describes the role of mucosal immunity in regards to infections?
Which of the following best describes the role of mucosal immunity in regards to infections?
What is the main function of Peyer's patches and 'M cells' in the gut?
What is the main function of Peyer's patches and 'M cells' in the gut?
Which of the following best describes the role of T-cell and B-cell effector mechanisms in the gut?
Which of the following best describes the role of T-cell and B-cell effector mechanisms in the gut?
How is tolerance to food antigens achieved in the gut?
How is tolerance to food antigens achieved in the gut?
What is the main role of IELs (Intraepithelial Lymphocytes) in the gut?
What is the main role of IELs (Intraepithelial Lymphocytes) in the gut?
What is the structure, role, transport, and location of IgA in the gut?
What is the structure, role, transport, and location of IgA in the gut?
Which of the following immune cell types is found in higher numbers in the gut compared to the bloodstream?
Which of the following immune cell types is found in higher numbers in the gut compared to the bloodstream?
Which immune cell type has receptors that can interact with non-classical MHC molecules and ligands on other cells?
Which immune cell type has receptors that can interact with non-classical MHC molecules and ligands on other cells?
Which immune cell type is associated with autoimmune components in diseases like ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease?
Which immune cell type is associated with autoimmune components in diseases like ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease?
Which immune cell type is specialized in removing infected epithelial cells in the gut?
Which immune cell type is specialized in removing infected epithelial cells in the gut?
Which type of immune cells can be activated by intraepithelial T cells in the gut?
Which type of immune cells can be activated by intraepithelial T cells in the gut?
What is the main function of CD8+ T cells in the gut epithelium?
What is the main function of CD8+ T cells in the gut epithelium?
Which molecules can stressed cells express to be recognized by T cells carrying specific receptors?
Which molecules can stressed cells express to be recognized by T cells carrying specific receptors?
What is the main role of intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs) in the gut?
What is the main role of intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs) in the gut?
Which of the following is true about the induction of tolerance in the gut mucosa?
Which of the following is true about the induction of tolerance in the gut mucosa?
What is the role of immune cells in the liver sinuses?
What is the role of immune cells in the liver sinuses?
What happens when the liver is severely damaged, such as in an alcoholic?
What happens when the liver is severely damaged, such as in an alcoholic?
What is the main function of IgA in the gut mucosa?
What is the main function of IgA in the gut mucosa?
Which type of T-cell produces interleukin 17 (IL-17)?
Which type of T-cell produces interleukin 17 (IL-17)?
What is the role of T-regulatory (Treg) cells in regulating immune responses?
What is the role of T-regulatory (Treg) cells in regulating immune responses?
Which cytokine is produced by Treg cells to establish and maintain tolerance to commensals in the gut?
Which cytokine is produced by Treg cells to establish and maintain tolerance to commensals in the gut?
What happens to the gut during HIV infection?
What happens to the gut during HIV infection?
Which of the following is NOT a function of the mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN)?
Which of the following is NOT a function of the mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN)?
What is the main function of Peyer's patches and 'M cells' in the gut?
What is the main function of Peyer's patches and 'M cells' in the gut?
What is the main role of IELs (Intraepithelial Lymphocytes) in the gut?
What is the main role of IELs (Intraepithelial Lymphocytes) in the gut?
What is the definition of oral tolerance?
What is the definition of oral tolerance?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN)?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN)?
What is the main function of the lamina propria in the gut?
What is the main function of the lamina propria in the gut?
Which of the following best describes the role of mucosal immunity in regards to infections?
Which of the following best describes the role of mucosal immunity in regards to infections?
What is the main role of intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs) in the gut?
What is the main role of intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs) in the gut?
Which of the following is NOT a possible type of antigen that generic cells can be confronted with?
Which of the following is NOT a possible type of antigen that generic cells can be confronted with?
What happens to a regulatory T cell in the presence of TGF beta?
What happens to a regulatory T cell in the presence of TGF beta?
What is the main difference between a pathogenic antigen and a tolerated antigen?
What is the main difference between a pathogenic antigen and a tolerated antigen?
What are two different ways in which antigen responses can go?
What are two different ways in which antigen responses can go?
Where do antigen-primed B and T cells sit in the gut?
Where do antigen-primed B and T cells sit in the gut?
What is the role of TGF beta in the transformation of a regulatory T cell?
What is the role of TGF beta in the transformation of a regulatory T cell?
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