Vein System

Which factor does not directly facilitate venous blood flow?

A patient with prolonged immobility is at risk for deep vein thrombosis (DVT). Which mechanism primarily contributes to thrombus formation in this scenario?

Why are venous valves more numerous in the distal legs compared to proximal veins?

A patient diagnosed with a pulmonary embolism (PE) most likely has a thrombus originating from which location?

What is the primary purpose of using a vena cava filter in a patient with recurrent pulmonary embolism?

Which of the following is the best explanation for why malignancy is considered a risk factor for DVT?

A patient presents with chronic leg swelling, skin discoloration, and venous ulceration. These findings are most consistent with which condition?

Why is early ambulation encouraged as a preventative measure against pulmonary embolism (PE)?

Chronic venous insufficiency, when caused by varicose veins or vein valve incompetence, can directly contribute to which of the following conditions?

The right lymphatic duct is responsible for draining lymph from which specific regions of the body?

Which pressure range is typically associated with compression stockings used for general support and mild venous insufficiency?

What is the primary underlying cause of peripheral artery disease (PAD)?

Which of the following is the MOST typical description of the pain associated with intermittent claudication?

Why does dangling the foot off the bed often alleviate rest pain associated with peripheral artery disease?

Which of the following components makes up lymphatic fluid?

What is the primary purpose of using compression wraps or sleeves in managing lymphedema?

Which of the following Ankle Brachial Index (ABI) values would suggest the presence of peripheral artery disease?

An arterial duplex study is ordered for a patient. Which of the following is NOT a typical indication for this diagnostic test?

During an arteriogram with run-off, contrast dye is injected to visualize blood vessels. Where is the contrast medium typically injected?

A patient with a short focal lesion in a large vessel is being considered for a procedure to manage peripheral artery disease. Which of the following would be the MOST suitable initial approach, assuming good run-off?

A patient has an ABI of 1.4. Which of the following is the MOST likely interpretation of this result?

A peripheral vascular bypass (PVB) is planned for a patient with severe peripheral artery disease. Which of the following arteries would NOT be a target for this procedure?

Which of the following diagnostic tests uses high-frequency sound waves and blood pressure cuffs to measure blood flow in the arteries of the arms and legs?

Which of the following is NOT evaluated for in an Arteriogram?

A client is suspected of having pulmonary artery hypertension. Which initial assessment finding would suggest this condition?

A patient with pulmonary artery hypertension (PAH) is prescribed iloprost, a prostacyclin analog. What is the primary mechanism of action of this medication in treating PAH?

A patient with a history of chronic hypoxemia secondary to severe COPD is at risk for developing Cor Pulmonale. What is the underlying mechanism that connects chronic hypoxemia to the development of Cor Pulmonale?

A patient with pulmonary hypertension is prescribed bosentan. Which instruction is most important for the nurse to emphasize regarding this medication?

A formerly healthy construction worker developed pulmonary hypertension following exposure to asbestos. What is the most likely underlying cause of the patient's pulmonary hypertension?

A patient with pulmonary hypertension is being discharged. Which of the following lifestyle modifications is most important for the nurse to reinforce?

A patient is diagnosed with Cor Pulmonale secondary to chronic bronchitis. Besides supplemental oxygen, which of the following medications would directly target the underlying cause of pulmonary hypertension in this patient?

A patient with long-standing pulmonary hypertension develops right ventricular hypertrophy. What compensatory mechanism is the right ventricle employing, and how does this adaptation eventually contribute to heart failure?

Vein Structure

Factors Affecting Venous Blood Flow

Vein Valves

Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT)

DVT Risk Factors

Post-Thrombotic Syndrome

Pulmonary Embolism (PE)

PE Prevention

Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD)

Ankle Brachial Index (ABI)

Normal ABI value

Arterial Duplex/Ultrasound

Arterial Duplex Indications

Arteriogram

Arteriogram with Run-off

Vascular Bypass

Pulmonary Artery Hypertension (PAH)

Common Cause of PAH

Causes of Pulmonary Artery Hypertension

Pathophysiology of Pulmonary Artery Hypertension

Result of Pulmonary Artery Hypertension

Cor Pulmonale

Indications of PAH

Treatment for Pulmonary Artery Hypertension

Chronic Venous Insufficiency

Venous Stasis Ulcers

Lymphatic Fluid

Right Lymphatic Duct

Thoracic Duct

Intermittent Claudication

Rest Pain (PAD)