MT 101 Midterm Exam

Medical Terminology Definitions

• hyper-: Refers to abnormally high blood pressure at rest.
• a-, an-: Indicates lack or absence.
• tachy-: Describes an abnormally rapid heartbeat and irregular heart rhythms.
• inter-: Relates to scarring of lung connective tissue affecting breath.
• tri-: Specifies the heart valve between the right atrium and ventricle.
• dys-: Signifies abnormal, difficult, or painful conditions.
• ab-: Indicates an accumulation of pus in tissues.
• bi-: Refers to a biopsy, a small tissue sample taken for analysis.
• hypo-: Denotes low arterial blood pressure.
• endo-: Pertains to the inner lining of the heart.
• mal-: Indicates the presence of cancerous cells.
• para-: Refers to procedures involving needle insertion into cavities, like drug administration.
• poly-: Indicates an increased number of red blood cells.

Word Components and Meanings

• -ation: Indicates a process.
• Brady: Refers to a slow heart rate (<60 beats per minute in adults).
• -uni: Relates to one side of the body or an organ.
• -crine: Means secrete or separate substances.
• -meter: An instrument for measurement.
• -pathy: Refers to disease or pathological processes.
• -uria: Pertains to urine or urination.
• -emia: Indicates blood or blood conditions.
• -scope: An instrument for viewing internal structures.
• -rhea: Refers to discharge or flow.
• -ic: Meaning pertaining to something.
• Phlebi: Refers to blood clot formation in veins.
• Gastric: Pertains to stomach and intestinal inflammation.
• Post-: Low blood pressure occurring after standing or sitting up.
• Aorta: The main artery carrying oxygenated blood from the heart.
• Arteriole: Refers to a condition with thickened artery walls.
• Cardio: Relates to the heart.
• Colon/o: Refers to the part of the large intestine between the cecum and rectum.

Additional Terms

• angi/o: Tumor made of blood vessels/lymph vessels that is benign.
• hepat/o: Refers to cancerous liver tumors.
• stomat/o: Indicates the mouth.
• intra-: Denotes inside or into.
• psych/o: Relates to the mind.
• onc/o: Genes associated with abnormal cell growth.
• inter-: Refers to connective tissue disease affecting the lungs.
• cost/o: Means rib.
• -coccus: Refers to spherical or berry-shaped bacteria.
• -stomy: Indicates a new opening.
• lapar/o: Relates to the abdomen.
• infra-: Indicates tissue death from insufficient blood supply.
• leuk/o: Refers to white blood cells.

Anatomy and Body Systems

• Divisions of the Back:

  • Cervical spine
  • Thoracic spine
  • Lumbar spine
  • Sacrum
  • Coccyx

• Body Cavities:

  • Cranial
  • Thoracic
  • Abdominal
  • Pelvic
  • Spinal

• Body Planes:

  • Frontal Plane: Divides the body into anterior and posterior sections.
  • Transverse Plane: Divides the body into upper and lower portions.
  • Sagittal Plane: Divides the body into left and right halves.

• Body Systems (three examples):

  • Circulatory system
  • Nervous system
  • Respiratory system

Matching Definitions

• Adrenopathy: Disease of adrenal glands.
• Endometrium: Inner lining of the uterus.
• Orchitis: Inflammation of a testis.
• Amenorrhea: Absence of menstrual flow.
• Hepatomegaly: Enlargement of the liver.
• Pancreatitis: Inflammation of the pancreas.
• Pericardium: Membrane surrounding the heart.
• Thyroidectomy: Surgical removal of the thyroid gland.
• Hypertension: High blood pressure.
• Angina: Chest pain caused by decreased heart blood flow.