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What is the primary function of the lungs?
What is the purpose of the pulmonary arteries?
What happens to the oxygen in the air we breathe?
What is the role of angiotensin-converting enzyme in the lungs?
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What is another function of the lungs besides respiration?
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What is filtered out of the venous blood stream by the lungs?
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What does Immunoglobulin-A secreted in the bronchial secretion protect against?
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What is the purpose of the pulmonary veins?
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What is the primary function of the respiratory system?
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Where does the exchange of gases take place in the respiratory system?
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What is the approximate percentage of oxygen in inspired air?
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What is the primary function of the diaphragm in the respiratory system?
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What is the approximate percentage of carbon dioxide in expired air?
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What is the main function of the bronchi in the respiratory system?
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What is the process by which oxygen passes from the alveoli into the bloodstream?
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What is one of the principle functions of the respiratory system?
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What is the role of the lungs?
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How many lobes does the right lung have?
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What are the small, pyramidal-shaped areas of the lung called?
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What is the purpose of the capillaries surrounding the alveoli?
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What is the trachea connected to?
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Where does gas exchange occur in the lungs?
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What is the function of the bronchi?
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How many bronchopulmonary segments are in each lung?
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Study Notes
Respiratory System
- The primary function of the respiratory system is to supply oxygen to the blood, which delivers oxygen to all parts of the body.
- The respiratory system performs this function while breathing, exchanging oxygen and carbon dioxide through the alveoli.
- The average adult's lungs contain approximately 600 million alveoli, which are surrounded by capillaries.
Principle Functions of the Respiratory System
- Ventilate the lungs
- Extract oxygen from the air and transfer it to the bloodstream
- Excrete carbon dioxide and water vapour
- Maintain the acid-base balance of the blood
Composition of Inspired and Expired Air
- Inspired air: approximately 79% nitrogen, 20% O2, 0.04% CO2, and water vapour/trace gases
- Expired air: approximately 79% nitrogen, 16% O2, 4% CO2, and water vapour/trace gases
Structure of the Respiratory System
- Respiration takes place with the aid of the mouth, nose, trachea, lungs, diaphragm, and intercostal muscles.
- Oxygen enters the respiratory system through the mouth and nose, then passes through the larynx and trachea.
- The trachea splits into two bronchi, which divide into smaller bronchial tubes that lead to the alveoli.
Lungs
- The lungs are paired, cone-shaped organs that take up most of the space in the chest.
- They have two main functions: to take oxygen into the body and to remove carbon dioxide.
- The right lung has three lobes, while the left lung has two lobes due to the heart taking up space in the left side of the chest.
- The lungs can be divided into smaller portions called bronchopulmonary segments, each with its own blood supply and air supply.
Function of Alveoli
- Air enters the lungs through the bronchi and eventually forms little thin-walled air sacs or bubbles called alveoli.
- The alveoli are where gas exchange takes place between the air and the blood.
- Capillaries surround each alveolus, allowing oxygen to diffuse from the air into the blood and carbon dioxide to diffuse from the blood into the air.
Blood Supply
- The lungs receive a large blood supply from the pulmonary arteries, which carry blood low in oxygen and high in carbon dioxide.
- The newly oxygen-rich blood then travels back through the pulmonary veins into the left side of the heart.
Additional Functions of the Lungs
- Alter the pH of blood by facilitating alterations in the partial pressure of carbon dioxide
- Filter out small blood clots formed in veins
- Filter out gas micro-bubbles occurring in the venous blood stream
- Influence the concentration of some biologic substances and drugs used in medicine in the blood
- Convert angiotensin I to angiotensin II by the action of angiotensin-converting enzyme
- Serve as a layer of soft, shock-absorbent protection for the heart
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Description
This quiz covers the primary function of the respiratory system, including the supply of oxygen to the blood and the exchange of gases at the alveoli.
