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Questions and Answers
What are the primary functions of the nose and nasal cavity in the respiratory system?
What are the primary functions of the nose and nasal cavity in the respiratory system?
Match the following lung volumes with their descriptions:
Match the following lung volumes with their descriptions:
Tidal volume = Volume of air inspired or expired with each breath Vital capacity = Tidal volume plus inspiratory reserve volume plus expiratory reserve volume Residual volume = Volume of air remaining in the lungs after a maximum expiration Inspiratory reserve volume = Amount of air that can be inspired forcefully after inspiration of the resting tidal volume
What is the common passageway for both the respiratory and digestive systems?
What is the common passageway for both the respiratory and digestive systems?
Pharynx
Increased thickness of the respiratory membrane increases the rate of gas diffusion.
Increased thickness of the respiratory membrane increases the rate of gas diffusion.
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The _________ transports more oxygen when the partial pressure of oxygen is low.
The _________ transports more oxygen when the partial pressure of oxygen is low.
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Study Notes
The Respiratory System
Components of the Respiratory System
- Nose and nasal cavity
- Pharynx
- Larynx
- Trachea
- Bronchi
- Lungs
Anatomical Division
- Upper respiratory tract: nose, nasal cavity, pharynx, and larynx
- Lower respiratory tract: trachea, bronchi, and lungs
Functional Division
- Respiratory zone: where gas exchange occurs
- Conducting zone: where air is conducted to the lungs
Principal Organs
- Nose and nasal cavity:
- Divided into external nose and internal nasal cavity
- Functions: provides airway, moistens and warms air, filters and cleans air, serves as a resonating chamber for speech, houses olfactory receptors
- Pharynx:
- Common passageway for respiratory and digestive systems
- Passageway for air and food
- Larynx:
- Connects pharynx to trachea
- Functions: provides a patent airway, houses vocal cords for voice production
- Trachea:
- Flexible tube running from larynx to bronchi
- Functions: serves as an air passageway, cleans, warms, and moistens air
- Bronchi:
- Consists of right and left main bronchi, which subdivide into lobar and segmental bronchi and bronchioles
- Functions: conducts air to the lungs
- Alveoli:
- Main site for gas exchange
- Type I or Type II
- Lungs:
- Paired composite organs located in the thorax
- Composed primarily of alveoli and respiratory passageways
- Pleura and pleural cavities:
- Functions: lubrication, movement of lungs, and holding pleural membranes together
Functions of the Respiratory System
- Gas exchange
- Regulation of blood pH
- Voice production
- Olfaction
- Innate immunity
Respiration
- Pulmonary ventilation: movement of air into and out of the lungs
- External respiration: movement of oxygen from the lungs to the blood and carbon dioxide from the blood to the lungs
- Transport of respiratory gases: transport of oxygen from the lungs to the tissue cells and carbon dioxide from the tissue cells to the lungs
Ventilation
- Phases: inspiration and expiration
- Inspiration: movement of air into the lungs
- Expiration: movement of air out of the lungs
Pressure Changes and Airflow
- Changes in volume result in changes in pressure
- Air flows from an area of higher pressure to an area of lower pressure
Muscles of Respiration
- Diaphragm and external intercostal muscles: contract to increase thoracic volume and decrease pressure
- Lung recoil: tendency for an expanded lung to decrease in size due to elastic fibers and surface tension
Pulmonary Volumes and Capacities
- Four respiratory volumes: tidal, inspiratory reserve, expiratory reserve, and residual
- Four respiratory capacities: vital, functional residual, inspiratory, and total lung
Pulmonary Function Test
- Evaluation of lung volume and capacities by spirometry to diagram movement of air as the patient performs various respiratory maneuvers
Control of Respiration
- Respiratory center: located in the medulla oblongata and pons
- Apneustic center: stimulates the respiratory center
- Pneumotaxic center: regulates the respiratory center
- Central chemoreceptors: respond to changes in blood pH
- Peripheral chemoreceptors: respond to changes in arterial oxygen and carbon dioxide
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Description
This quiz covers the components of the respiratory system, process of respiration, external and internal respiration, and lung volumes. Part of the MC102 course in Human Anatomy and Physiology.
