quiz 6 MPharm PHA112: The Circulatory System Lecture Series
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Questions and Answers

What is the main function of the circulatory system?

  • Transporting materials (correct)
  • Digestion
  • Respiration
  • Excretion

    • Which of the following is a cellular constituent of blood?

  • Red blood cells (correct)
  • Platelets
  • Plasma
  • Hemoglobin

    • What is the main function of platelets in the blood?

  • Carrying oxygen
  • Producing antibodies
  • Carrying nutrients
  • Clotting (correct)

    • Which part of the body has the cardiac cell types and the cardiac cycle?

    <p>Heart</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is responsible for regulating blood pressure?

    <p>Nervous system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component of the circulatory system acts as a transport medium?

    <p>Blood vessels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the composition of blood mainly responsible for?

    <p>Transporting nutrients and waste products</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which system is involved in the regulation of cardiac output and blood pressure?

    <p>Nervous system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    18

    <p>Option A</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the location and gross anatomy of the heart responsible for?

    <p>Pumping and circulating blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the circulatory system?

    <p>Transporting O2 and CO2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component of the blood is responsible for mediating blood clotting?

    <p>Platelets</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of plasma in the blood?

    <p>Serving as a liquid medium for blood cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following nutrients are carried by the circulatory system to organs and tissues?

    <p>Vitamins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate total volume of blood in the human body?

    <p>5-6 liters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of white blood cells in the blood?

    <p>Fighting against invading pathogens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the heart in the circulatory system?

    <p>Generating cardiac output and pressure gradient</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What triggers the rhythmic pumping action of the heart?

    <p>Spread of excitation through the heart</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which phase does ventricular contraction and emptying occur?

    <p>Systole phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of arteries in the circulatory system?

    <p>Carry blood away from the heart to tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which layer of the blood vessel walls is composed of smooth muscle?

    <p>Tunica media</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name for the smaller branches of arterioles within organs?

    <p>Capillaries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of arteries expand when the pressure of the blood rises and act as a recoil system when the ventricles relax?

    <p>Elastic arteries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes the 1st heart sound (lub) heard at the start of ventricular contraction?

    <p>Closure of AV valves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When do you hear the 2nd heart sound (dub) in early diastole?

    <p>Closure of aortic and pulmonary valves at the end of ventricular systole</p> Signup and view all the answers

    3

    <p>1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Qweqweqwe

    <p>option d</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Wqeqwe

    <p>option b</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Wqeqweqwe

    <p>option c</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Qweqweqwe

    <p>option d</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of the absolute or effective refractory period (ARP/ERP) in cardiac cells?

    <p>To prevent premature excitation and tetany</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cells recover excitability faster than slow response cells during the refractory periods?

    <p>Fast response cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does automaticity refer to in the context of cardiac cells?

    <p>The ability to initiate action potentials spontaneously</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following represents normal cardiac automatic or pacemaker cells?

    <p>SA node and AV node cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What triggers the electrical activity in the heart, followed by activation of the atria, AV node, and ventricles?

    <p>SA node</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of an electrocardiogram (ECG)?

    <p>Record the electrical activity of the heart</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the P wave represent in an electrocardiogram (ECG)?

    <p>Atrial depolarization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What initiates muscle contraction by allowing actin and myosin to slide past each other?

    <p>Troponin C binding to calcium ions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of arterioles in the circulatory system?

    <p>To facilitate exchange of nutrients and wastes between blood and surrounding tissue cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of capillary has larger holes in addition to narrow pores, providing greater permeability?

    <p>Fenestrated capillary</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What serves as blood reservoir or capacitance vessels in the circulatory system?

    <p>Venules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main factor responsible for bulk flow ultrafiltration and reabsorption of protein-free plasma in capillaries?

    <p>Capillary blood pressure (PC)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What anatomical feature ensures blood flow toward the heart in the venous system?

    <p>'Skeletal muscle pump'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is responsible for adjusting vessel radius supplying individual organs in the systemic circulation?

    <p>'Nervous &amp; chemical control'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component regulates blood flow via capillaries in organs?

    <p>'Water-filled pores'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of precapillary sphincters in the circulatory system?

    <p>To regulate blood flow via capillaries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    • The text is from a MPharm (Master of Pharmacy) Programme module named "The Circulatory System" taught by Dr. G. Boachie-Ansah.
    • The topic of Week 19 was "Refractory Periods, Automaticity, and Electrical Activity of the Heart."
    • Cardiac cells have refractory periods to prevent premature excitation and tetany.
      • Absolute or effective refractory period (ARP/ERP) and relative refractory period (RRP) are two types of refractory periods.
      • Fast response cells recover excitability faster than slow response cells, and slower recovery of excitability increases the risk of conduction block.
    • Automaticity is the ability of some cardiac cells to initiate action potentials spontaneously, known as pacemaker activity.
      • Normal cardiac automatic or pacemaker cells are the SA node, AV node, and specialized conducting tissue like the His-Purkinje system.
      • Primary pacemakers, latent or subsidiary pacemakers, intrinsic and extrinsic control of automaticity are related concepts in automaticity.
    • The heart beats rhythmically throughout life due to the spread of action potentials across muscle cell membranes.
      • The heart's electrical activity is initiated by the electrical or autorhythmic cells.
      • The SA node triggers the electrical activity, followed by the atria, AV node, bundle of His, and Purkinje fibres, which then activate the ventricles.
    • The electrocardiogram (ECG) is a test that detects and records the electrical activity of the heart.
      • ECG records the electrical currents generated during depolarization and repolarization.
      • The standard ECG recording consists of six limb leads (I-III, aVR, aVL, and aVF) and six chest leads (V1-V6).
      • The P wave represents atrial depolarization, the QRS complex represents ventricular depolarization, and the T wave represents ventricular repolarization.
    • The cardiac muscle consists of muscle fibres, which form a functional syncytium.
      • Muscle mass forms a functional syncytium, and individual cardiac muscle cells are interconnected with one another.
      • Two types of membrane junctions are present within an intercalated disc: desmosomes (cell to cell anchoring junctions) and gap junctions (cell to cell communication junctions).
    • Excitation contraction coupling is the sequence of events that leads to muscle contraction.
      • The electrical signal from the action potential travels through the T-tubules, reaches the sarcoplasmic reticulum, and releases calcium ions.
      • Calcium ions bind to troponin C, allowing actin and myosin to slide past each other, resulting in muscle contraction.
    • The structure of cardiac muscle includes various components like fibres, intercalated discs, T-tubules, and sarcoplasmic reticulum.

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    Description

    Explore the components, functions, and anatomy of the circulatory system in this MPharm PHA112 lecture series. Delve into the composition of blood, cardiac cell types, and more under the guidance of Dr. G Boachie-Ansah.

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