Mouth Ulcer Causes and Diagnosis
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Questions and Answers

What percentage of mouth ulcers are caused by Minor Aphthous Ulcer (MAU)?

  • 50%
  • 80% (correct)
  • 90%
  • 20%

    • What is the typical duration of a Minor Aphthous Ulcer (MAU)?

  • 1-2 weeks
  • 7-14 days (correct)
  • 2-3 weeks
  • 1-3 days

    • What is a characteristic of Herpiteform ulcers?

  • They are large ulcers
  • They are small, pinhead-sized ulcers
  • They occur in crops of 10-100 ulcers (correct)
  • They are medium-sized ulcers

    • What is a concern if a mouth ulcer does not heal within a certain timeframe?

    <p>It may be a sign of a referral needed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of Major Aphthous Ulcer (MAU)?

    <p>They are medium-sized ulcers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common associated symptom of mouth ulcers?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be referred if a patient presents with a painless ulcer in the oral cavity?

    <p>Always refer to a specialist</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of mouth ulcers in children under 10 years old?

    <p>They are not common</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a possible side effect of certain medications that can cause mouth ulcers?

    <p>Cytotoxic drugs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended treatment duration for using triamcinolone acetonide in orabase for mouth ulcers?

    <p>Up to 5 days</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of using antiseptic mouthwash in treating mouth ulcers?

    <p>To prevent secondary bacterial infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of dandruff?

    <p>A chronic relapsing condition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is thought to play a role in the pathogenesis of dandruff?

    <p>The yeast Malassezia ovale</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what age does the incidence of dandruff peak?

    <p>In the second decade of life</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of assessing the appearance and location of dandruff?

    <p>To distinguish dandruff from psoriasis and seborrheic dermatitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between dandruff and seborrheic dermatitis?

    <p>Dandruff affects the scalp, while seborrheic dermatitis affects the face</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is seborrhoeic dermatitis a result of?

    <p>Accelerated epidermal proliferation and sebaceous gland activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the appearance of scales in psoriasis?

    <p>Silvery-white</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the location of seborrhoeic dermatitis?

    <p>Areas where there is greatest sebaceous gland activity, e.g. scalp, face, and chest</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a possible complication of dandruff?

    <p>Infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is dandruff?

    <p>A chronic relapsing condition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When should a patient consult a doctor for dandruff?

    <p>If the condition does not improve or worsens after 1-2 weeks of treatment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How often should ketoconazole 2% shampoo be repeated for acute cases of dandruff?

    <p>Every 3 days</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How often should the shampoo be used for prophylaxis?

    <p>Once every one or two weeks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How long should treatment be left on the scalp for full effect?

    <p>3-5 minutes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How long should the treatment be used for dandruff?

    <p>For 2-4 weeks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be removed before applying Selenium sulfide shampoo?

    <p>Gold, silver, and other metallic jewels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why should the hair and scalp be rinsed thoroughly after using Selenium sulfide shampoo?

    <p>To prevent discoloration of the hair</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is important for managing dandruff?

    <p>Frequent washing (at least three times a week)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the common age group affected by Seborrheic dermatitis?

    <p>Adults between 18-40 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a theory supported by the fact that Ketoconazole improves the condition of Seborrheic dermatitis?

    <p>Growth of Malassezia ovale</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should patients understand about the treatment of dandruff?

    <p>It will not cure dandruff permanently and frequent use is needed to prevent its return</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common symptom associated with Seborrheic dermatitis?

    <p>Eyelid and ear problems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the treatment approach for Cradle Cap?

    <p>Start with simple measures like daily baby shampoo and gentle brushing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical age range for Cradle Cap to resolve spontaneously?

    <p>Within a year of life</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of applying olive oil to the scalp in Cradle Cap treatment?

    <p>To remove scales</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common physical sign of Seborrheic dermatitis?

    <p>Little resistance to finger running through the hair</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of ketoconazole in Cradle Cap treatment?

    <p>Reserved for serious cases under medical supervision</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between Cradle Cap and other forms of Seborrheic dermatitis?

    <p>Age of onset</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of using a medicated shampoo in Cradle Cap treatment?

    <p>To remove scales</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Mouth Ulcers

    • Mouth ulcers are a common condition that can recur in some people, and the cause is unknown.
    • There are three main types of aphthous ulcers: minor aphthous ulcers (MAU), major aphthous ulcers, and herpetiform ulcers.
    • MAU is the most common type, accounting for about 80% of mouth ulcers, and is characterized by 1-5 lesions that are less than 1 cm in size, usually found on the tongue margin and inside the lips and cheeks.
    • MAU is a self-limiting condition that can be managed with over-the-counter (OTC) products.
    • Major aphthous ulcers are larger and more painful than MAU, and may require referral to a specialist.
    • Herpetiform ulcers are the least common type, characterized by 10-100 small, painful ulcers that can occur in any intraoral area.

    Patient Assessment

    • When assessing a patient with mouth ulcers, age is an important factor, as MAU is rare in children under 10 years old and may require referral.
    • The appearance, duration, and size of the ulcer, as well as the number of lesions, are important factors in diagnosis.
    • Pain is a key presenting symptom, and patients with painless ulcers in the oral cavity should be referred to a specialist.
    • Associated symptoms, such as diarrhea, weight loss, and involvement of other mucus membranes, should be assessed.
    • A patient's medication history is also important, as some medications can cause mouth ulcers as a side effect.

    Treatment and Management

    • Paste preparations can be applied to the ulcer with a finger, and mouthwashes can be used to prevent secondary bacterial infection.
    • Triamcinolone acetonide in orabase can be applied to the ulcer with a finger, and antiseptic mouthwashes can be used to prevent infection.
    • Topical anesthetics, such as benzocaine or lidocaine gel, can be used on a when-needed basis.
    • If there is no improvement after 1 week, the patient should see a doctor.

    Dandruff and Seborrheic Dermatitis

    • Dandruff is a chronic, relapsing condition characterized by increased cell turnover rate, which may be associated with the yeast Malassezia ovale.
    • Dandruff is rare in young children, but the incidence increases rapidly with age, peaking in the second decade of life and declining thereafter.
    • Patient assessment involves distinguishing dandruff from psoriasis and seborrheic dermatitis based on appearance and location.
    • Treatment involves using ketoconazole shampoo, selenium sulfide shampoo, and other topical treatments.
    • Patients should understand that treatment will not cure dandruff permanently and that it will be necessary to use treatment on a less frequent basis to prevent recurrence.

    Seborrheic Dermatitis

    • Seborrheic dermatitis is characterized by accelerated epidermal proliferation and sebaceous gland activity on the scalp, face, and trunk.
    • It is common in infants, relatively rare in children, and peaks in incidence between 18-40 years.
    • Patient assessment involves differentiating seborrheic dermatitis from dandruff and psoriasis, and noting other symptoms such as eyelid and ear problems.
    • Treatment options are the same as for dandruff, including ketoconazole shampoo.

    Cradle Cap

    • Cradle cap is a form of seborrheic dermatitis of the scalp that usually appears within the first 3 months of life and resolves spontaneously within a year.
    • Treatment involves simple measures such as daily use of baby shampoo and gentle brushing, and medicated shampoos containing coal tar or keratolytic-tar combinations can be tried if symptoms persist.

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    Description

    This quiz covers the causes, diagnosis, and management of mouth ulcers, including minor and major aphthous ulcers, and herpetiform ulcers. It also touches on patient assessment and referral criteria.

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