Podcast
Questions and Answers
What percentage of mouth ulcers are caused by Minor Aphthous Ulcer (MAU)?
What percentage of mouth ulcers are caused by Minor Aphthous Ulcer (MAU)?
What is the typical duration of a Minor Aphthous Ulcer (MAU)?
What is the typical duration of a Minor Aphthous Ulcer (MAU)?
What is a characteristic of Herpiteform ulcers?
What is a characteristic of Herpiteform ulcers?
What is a concern if a mouth ulcer does not heal within a certain timeframe?
What is a concern if a mouth ulcer does not heal within a certain timeframe?
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What is a characteristic of Major Aphthous Ulcer (MAU)?
What is a characteristic of Major Aphthous Ulcer (MAU)?
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What is a common associated symptom of mouth ulcers?
What is a common associated symptom of mouth ulcers?
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What should be referred if a patient presents with a painless ulcer in the oral cavity?
What should be referred if a patient presents with a painless ulcer in the oral cavity?
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What is a characteristic of mouth ulcers in children under 10 years old?
What is a characteristic of mouth ulcers in children under 10 years old?
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What is a possible side effect of certain medications that can cause mouth ulcers?
What is a possible side effect of certain medications that can cause mouth ulcers?
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What is the recommended treatment duration for using triamcinolone acetonide in orabase for mouth ulcers?
What is the recommended treatment duration for using triamcinolone acetonide in orabase for mouth ulcers?
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What is the purpose of using antiseptic mouthwash in treating mouth ulcers?
What is the purpose of using antiseptic mouthwash in treating mouth ulcers?
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What is the characteristic of dandruff?
What is the characteristic of dandruff?
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What is thought to play a role in the pathogenesis of dandruff?
What is thought to play a role in the pathogenesis of dandruff?
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At what age does the incidence of dandruff peak?
At what age does the incidence of dandruff peak?
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What is the significance of assessing the appearance and location of dandruff?
What is the significance of assessing the appearance and location of dandruff?
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What is the main difference between dandruff and seborrheic dermatitis?
What is the main difference between dandruff and seborrheic dermatitis?
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What is seborrhoeic dermatitis a result of?
What is seborrhoeic dermatitis a result of?
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What is the appearance of scales in psoriasis?
What is the appearance of scales in psoriasis?
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What is the location of seborrhoeic dermatitis?
What is the location of seborrhoeic dermatitis?
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What is a possible complication of dandruff?
What is a possible complication of dandruff?
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What is dandruff?
What is dandruff?
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When should a patient consult a doctor for dandruff?
When should a patient consult a doctor for dandruff?
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How often should ketoconazole 2% shampoo be repeated for acute cases of dandruff?
How often should ketoconazole 2% shampoo be repeated for acute cases of dandruff?
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How often should the shampoo be used for prophylaxis?
How often should the shampoo be used for prophylaxis?
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How long should treatment be left on the scalp for full effect?
How long should treatment be left on the scalp for full effect?
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How long should the treatment be used for dandruff?
How long should the treatment be used for dandruff?
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What should be removed before applying Selenium sulfide shampoo?
What should be removed before applying Selenium sulfide shampoo?
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Why should the hair and scalp be rinsed thoroughly after using Selenium sulfide shampoo?
Why should the hair and scalp be rinsed thoroughly after using Selenium sulfide shampoo?
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What is important for managing dandruff?
What is important for managing dandruff?
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What is the common age group affected by Seborrheic dermatitis?
What is the common age group affected by Seborrheic dermatitis?
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What is a theory supported by the fact that Ketoconazole improves the condition of Seborrheic dermatitis?
What is a theory supported by the fact that Ketoconazole improves the condition of Seborrheic dermatitis?
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What should patients understand about the treatment of dandruff?
What should patients understand about the treatment of dandruff?
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What is a common symptom associated with Seborrheic dermatitis?
What is a common symptom associated with Seborrheic dermatitis?
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What is the treatment approach for Cradle Cap?
What is the treatment approach for Cradle Cap?
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What is the typical age range for Cradle Cap to resolve spontaneously?
What is the typical age range for Cradle Cap to resolve spontaneously?
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What is the purpose of applying olive oil to the scalp in Cradle Cap treatment?
What is the purpose of applying olive oil to the scalp in Cradle Cap treatment?
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What is a common physical sign of Seborrheic dermatitis?
What is a common physical sign of Seborrheic dermatitis?
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What is the role of ketoconazole in Cradle Cap treatment?
What is the role of ketoconazole in Cradle Cap treatment?
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What is the difference between Cradle Cap and other forms of Seborrheic dermatitis?
What is the difference between Cradle Cap and other forms of Seborrheic dermatitis?
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What is the purpose of using a medicated shampoo in Cradle Cap treatment?
What is the purpose of using a medicated shampoo in Cradle Cap treatment?
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Study Notes
Mouth Ulcers
- Mouth ulcers are a common condition that can recur in some people, and the cause is unknown.
- There are three main types of aphthous ulcers: minor aphthous ulcers (MAU), major aphthous ulcers, and herpetiform ulcers.
- MAU is the most common type, accounting for about 80% of mouth ulcers, and is characterized by 1-5 lesions that are less than 1 cm in size, usually found on the tongue margin and inside the lips and cheeks.
- MAU is a self-limiting condition that can be managed with over-the-counter (OTC) products.
- Major aphthous ulcers are larger and more painful than MAU, and may require referral to a specialist.
- Herpetiform ulcers are the least common type, characterized by 10-100 small, painful ulcers that can occur in any intraoral area.
Patient Assessment
- When assessing a patient with mouth ulcers, age is an important factor, as MAU is rare in children under 10 years old and may require referral.
- The appearance, duration, and size of the ulcer, as well as the number of lesions, are important factors in diagnosis.
- Pain is a key presenting symptom, and patients with painless ulcers in the oral cavity should be referred to a specialist.
- Associated symptoms, such as diarrhea, weight loss, and involvement of other mucus membranes, should be assessed.
- A patient's medication history is also important, as some medications can cause mouth ulcers as a side effect.
Treatment and Management
- Paste preparations can be applied to the ulcer with a finger, and mouthwashes can be used to prevent secondary bacterial infection.
- Triamcinolone acetonide in orabase can be applied to the ulcer with a finger, and antiseptic mouthwashes can be used to prevent infection.
- Topical anesthetics, such as benzocaine or lidocaine gel, can be used on a when-needed basis.
- If there is no improvement after 1 week, the patient should see a doctor.
Dandruff and Seborrheic Dermatitis
- Dandruff is a chronic, relapsing condition characterized by increased cell turnover rate, which may be associated with the yeast Malassezia ovale.
- Dandruff is rare in young children, but the incidence increases rapidly with age, peaking in the second decade of life and declining thereafter.
- Patient assessment involves distinguishing dandruff from psoriasis and seborrheic dermatitis based on appearance and location.
- Treatment involves using ketoconazole shampoo, selenium sulfide shampoo, and other topical treatments.
- Patients should understand that treatment will not cure dandruff permanently and that it will be necessary to use treatment on a less frequent basis to prevent recurrence.
Seborrheic Dermatitis
- Seborrheic dermatitis is characterized by accelerated epidermal proliferation and sebaceous gland activity on the scalp, face, and trunk.
- It is common in infants, relatively rare in children, and peaks in incidence between 18-40 years.
- Patient assessment involves differentiating seborrheic dermatitis from dandruff and psoriasis, and noting other symptoms such as eyelid and ear problems.
- Treatment options are the same as for dandruff, including ketoconazole shampoo.
Cradle Cap
- Cradle cap is a form of seborrheic dermatitis of the scalp that usually appears within the first 3 months of life and resolves spontaneously within a year.
- Treatment involves simple measures such as daily use of baby shampoo and gentle brushing, and medicated shampoos containing coal tar or keratolytic-tar combinations can be tried if symptoms persist.
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Description
This quiz covers the causes, diagnosis, and management of mouth ulcers, including minor and major aphthous ulcers, and herpetiform ulcers. It also touches on patient assessment and referral criteria.
