Mouth and Digestion Overview
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary role of enzymes in the mouth concerning starch and lipid breakdown?

  • To neutralize acids in food
  • To enhance the taste experience (correct)
  • To fully digest nutrients for absorption
  • To increase the pH of saliva
  • What happens to the pH of the mouth when consuming excessive sugar?

  • It remains constant at 7.0
  • It decreases below 5.5 (correct)
  • It rises above 7.0
  • It fluctuates between 5.5 and 7.0
  • Which compounds in glucose can contribute to lower pH levels in the mouth?

  • Phosphate groups
  • Carbonyl groups
  • Hydroxyl groups (correct)
  • Glycosidic bonds
  • Why is the breakdown of starch insufficient for nutrient absorption?

    <p>It amounts to only a minimal hydrolysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential consequence of a pH drop to less than 5.5 in the mouth?

    <p>Demineralization of teeth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the breakdown of food aid in taste perception?

    <p>By releasing flavors from fats and sugars</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of the mouth in the digestive process?

    <p>To convert food into a bolus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used for the process of chewing?

    <p>Mastication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the mouth is known as the buccal cavity?

    <p>The inner cheek region</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which types of muscles in the tongue allow for the elevation or depression of the tongue's tip?

    <p>Extrinsic muscles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are intrinsic muscles in the context of the tongue's structure?

    <p>Muscles located within the body of the tongue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the tongue help in changing its size during the process of mastication?

    <p>Using intrinsic muscles to contract</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the initial form that food takes in the mouth to aid digestion?

    <p>Bolus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does the tongue play in the manipulation of food in the mouth?

    <p>It helps in creating a bolus by positioning food</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the muscles that run from the tip to the back of the tongue?

    <p>Shortening and widening the tongue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme is primarily released by Von Ebner's gland?

    <p>Lingual lipase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of saliva is released by the submandibular glands?

    <p>70 percent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of mucin in the saliva?

    <p>To lubricate and wet food</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which gland is identified as the largest salivary gland?

    <p>Parotid gland</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme is responsible for breaking down carbohydrates like starch?

    <p>Salivary amylase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What content do parotid glands primarily release?

    <p>Enzymes and salts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of hydrolysis in the mouth during digestion?

    <p>To chemically break down macromolecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following glands contributes the least to saliva production?

    <p>Von Ebner's gland</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do the muscles that run side-to-side contribute to tongue movement?

    <p>They lengthen and narrow the tongue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Mouth and Digestion Overview

    • The mouth, also known as the oral cavity or buccal cavity, is the first site of digestion.
    • Its primary role is to convert food into a bolus, a sphere that is easier to digest.

    Mastication

    • Mastication, the scientific term for chewing, is essential in preparing food for digestion.
    • Teeth and the tongue (lingula) are crucial for effective mastication.

    Tongue Musculature

    • The tongue consists of extrinsic and intrinsic muscles:
      • Extrinsic muscles: Anchor the tongue and allow movements such as elevation, depression, protrusion, and retraction.
      • Intrinsic muscles: Change the size and shape of the tongue during contraction, running anterior to posterior and side-to-side.

    Hydrolysis in the Mouth

    • Hydrolysis involves enzymes breaking down macromolecules into smaller components.
    • Saliva, produced by various glands, contains enzymes that facilitate this process.

    Salivary Glands

    • Parotid glands: Largest salivary glands, located near the jawbone, release approximately 25% of saliva, predominantly serous (rich in enzymes).
    • Submandibular glands: Located below the mandible, they release about 70% of saliva, with a mix of serous and mucinous content.
    • Sublingual gland: Situated below the tongue, it contributes about 5% of saliva and is primarily mucinous.
    • Von Ebner's gland: Located at the tip of the tongue, it makes up less than 5% of saliva and releases lingual lipase, which breaks down triglycerides into free fatty acids and glycerides.

    Enzymatic Functionality

    • Alpha-amylase: Found in saliva, it specifically breaks down starches into smaller carbohydrates.
    • Lingual lipase from Von Ebner's gland targets lipids, breaking them down into free fatty acids, diglycerides, and monoglycerides.

    Nutritional Absorption and Taste

    • Enzymatic breakdown in the mouth is insufficient for nutrient absorption but enhances taste perception of food items.

    Impact of Sugar on Oral pH

    • Excessive sugar can lower oral pH below 5.5, leading to demineralization of teeth due to acidic conditions.
    • The mouth typically maintains a neutral pH around 7.0, but elevated sugar levels can disrupt this balance.

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    Description

    Explore the role of the mouth in the digestive system, particularly how it prepares food for digestion through mastication. Learn about the importance of the tongue and different types of muscles involved in this process. This quiz provides a comprehensive overview of mouth functions and digestion.

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